Manufacturing Technology Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Manufacturing Technology - Annotated Bibliography Example The most productive technology is logistics management for maximum productivity (Bielecki and Szymonik 2011). Manufacturing Technology has adverse effects on the Supply Chain Management, and with the betterment of this technology, companies can better their productivity and ultimately profits. Logistics management is essential in bettering the management of the supply chain. Logistics is a vital area in supply chain management, and through it, companies can better their production volumes. An example of a logistics approach to manufacturing is the 7R rule. It includes right product, quantity, condition, place, time, customer and at the right price (Choi, Dai, and Song 2004). This strategy betters the supply chain management, since the companys goods reach the market as intended, maximizing demand and customer loyalty. In any manufacturing industry, the level of competition is very high, demanding control measures to maintain a companys market. The approach to cost rationalization aims at ensuring favorable of competition of the products with other rivals. The company, therefore, has an improved system for managing the supply chain with the lower prices. With the reduced prices compared to rival companies, the organization obtains a well-developed supply chain, where their products are in demand. Provision of logistic security is very helpful in terms of bettering the management of the supply chain. It allows the organization to undertake its tasks with no worries of information leakage or loss. Logistics management improves the organizations information security, making it much easier due to the protection. Competitors cannot access the companys information on supply chain management, allowing it to gain competitive advantages and thrive in the competition. Through logistics, companies can manage the flow of information

The Lasting Impresion of Reality Tv and Its Lack of Moral Essay Example for Free

The Lasting Impresion of Reality Tv and Its Lack of Moral Essay So in order to keep up ratings shows were forced to show what people wanted to see. As our country has slowly let go of morals and standards, its people have been forced to adapt. Reality television has been forced to diminish all possibilities for ever being labeled as moral. It has taken a direction for the worse and shows today lack little meaning or value. In its most current state, television shows force its younger viewers to grow up faster, making younger and younger kids do adult things. These reality shows exemplify things such as sex, drugs, violence, and self-harm. Television producers these days simply have no problem exposing the youth to this rubbish. In fact, the producers are specifically targeting the youth with their unmoral and controversial shows. They often reward the rebel characters with extra TV time or book them for another reality show, while the moral and respectable characters are made out to be boring and hardly ever get rewarded. America keeps asking what is making each generation less and less moral, but they fail to recognize what kinds of examples are being set. Children have not become more influential, they simply have been influenced by worse things. In the past few years, there has been a major change to reality television that diminishes its moral teaching reputation. From music videos of half naked women to reality shows full of betrayal, lies, and more vulgar than most can handle, the state of American television is in trouble. So where can you turn to when you want to avoid these unmoral shows and watch something good for a change? Well there is no clear-cut answer. Sadly, even some of the biggest networks such as CBS and NBC have started targeting the young crowd with shows that are completely inappropriate. The only solution to this problem is to simply search around a bit to find the perfect show for you. Use sites such as TVguide. com and Amazon. com to check out some reviews and customers opinions on the show before you start getting into it..

The Effects of Toxic Gardens Essay -- Environment Environmental Pollut

The Effects of Toxic Gardens    The urban family is proud of their immaculate garden and neatly manicured and pristine backyard. They feel proud when guests visit and comment on the vibrant, green grass, the weed free flowerbeds and garden and the lust tomatoes on the vine. It is delightful to watch the children roll around and play on the lawn without worry of them being bitten by ants, fleas or other distasteful insects. Best of all, is the delight of the children when they can pick the vegetables right out of the garden for dinner. The entire family loves the fresh vegetables and prides themselves on having raised the carrots, beans, and tomatoes themselves. Sounds ideal, eh? Alas, reality is the pristine backyard is a veritable toxic wasteland since pesticides, herbicides and fungicides are routinely dumped on the lawn in an effort to maintain the weed and pest free yard. Additionally, the garden vegetables are loaded with the most recent "bug spray" application that has been absorbed into the vegetables. These toxins have been found to cause cancer, infertility, birth defects, etc. Therefore upon reflection, the above-mentioned scene is more of a nightmare than a dream. The Institute of Medicine has conclusive evidence linking herbicide use to cancer (Turner-Lowe 1). The exposure may be minor in the produce that we grow and eat from our chemically treated garden; the cumulative effects are significant. The effect of continually ingesting foods with toxins within is what may eventually create some forms of cancer. Many fungicides and herbicides contain orgaanochlorines, which collect and remain in the fatty tissues of human for long periods of time. Pesticides are toxic and can poison humans. Children are especially vulne... ...fects. 11/1/98 http://www.pmac.net/erice.htm Schardein, J.L. (1985). Chemically Induced Birth Defects. Marcel Decker. New York, New York. Pp. 600-604. Fagin, D. and Lavelleby, M. (1998, November 1). EPA Offers This Shield of Safety. http://www.pmac.net/shield.htm Robinson, J. (1994, April). Pesticides in the Home and Community: Health Risks and Policy Alternatives. Gopher://gopher.igc.apc.org.2998/OPESTIS?r907874266.10911.1 Mather, Mort. "Mulching a Vegetable Garden." Mother Earth News June 1998: 64. Goldburg, Rebecca. (1998, November 19). Evaluating Risks of New Associations Resulting from BioControl. http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/bcconf/talks/panel.html. 1998, November 19. 1998-1999 Socialist Party Platform. http://www.teleport.com/~socparty/p2.htm 1998, November 19. Recommendations. http://www.envadvocates.org/public_html/Pest/recommendations.html   

Boyz in the Hood Research Proposal

In his 1991 film Boyz N the Hood, director John Singleton crafts a world which defies the limitations of cinema to portray events realistically, depicting South Central Los Angeles in the 1980s and early ‘90's. The portrait of the neighborhood where protagonist Trey grows up is in many ways bleak and unflinching. With a casualty that suggests much about the circumstances that face impoverished black Americans in dangerous urban centers, the director marks the world of young Trey with all the trappings of the ghetto.The familiarity that neighborhood children feel toward violence, weapons and death is not as much stated as illustrated in the film, with altercations, gunfire and fatalities providing the backdrop to life. One is immediately struck by the grittiness of the depiction, with longview shots of streets and alleyways showing the constant state of peril and paranoia which came to ensconce Trey and his friends.The comfort that the director shows in dealing with material tha t has the potential to make viewers squeamish appears as a natural element of the story-telling, with the ugly realities of the film’s world taking on a role of exposition for the decisions of the young men of the neighborhood. â€Å"Singleton, having grown up in the kind of situations depicted in his film, created a world close to his heart and well within his knowledge.Thus the young writer/director followed the most-often-preached rule of storytelling – write what you know. † (Santo, 1) This qualified him uniquely to place his stamp as director on this film. Though the approach of bare-knuckled frankness in the film makes it shocking to watch for those unversed in its content, Singleton is successful at avoiding cliche or sensationalism by way of violence.The narrative is instead moved forward by the desires and experiences of the characters to resist the violence, substance abuse and unemployment that are epidemic around them. The film’s effective exa mination of these themes renders it a suitable primary text for a research examination on the treatment of such subjects in cinema. Works Cited Santo, Jason. (Oct. 31, 2003). Fair Enough Friday: You’re a Hack! MicrocinemaScene. Ret. 4/17/08 .

Psychoanalytic Case Study of Preston Essay

Preston was concerned over his aggressive behavior towards other males in and outside of the home. He had frequent altercations with his brother, both of whom lived with their parents. Preston was adopted at a very young age. This was a major cause of his recent issues. He feared that his emotions would progressively get worse, and that something detrimental would happen. In accordance with psychoanalysis, Preston was allowed to explore these issues through free association. Preston was shown that his subconscious had been concealing issues related to his early adoption. Preston was shown constructive ways to deal with these issues. Preston continues to make progress in this area, and is exhibiting less signs of his previous issues. Psychoanalytic Case Study of: Preston A Conceptualization and Treatment Plan The individual in this case study presents a multitude of symptoms that are affecting his daily life. The individual has many factors from his childhood that would contribute to these issues. This study goes to show how the subject’s childhood has a direct relationship to the issues that he is currently experiencing. The identification of these issues is necessary in order for treatment to be successfully implemented. Presenting Concerns Preston presents himself as suffering from multiple issues that affect his daily life. He claims to have issues with forming any relationships with other males. He states that he is overtly competitive when dealing with these other males. His biggest issues arise when dealing with his brother. Preston was adopted at a very young age, and has always had issues getting along with this brother. This aggression has moved from just dealing with his brother to all males in general. There have been instances where the police have been involved in altercations that Preston has had at home. He fears that this will continue until he is arrested outside of the home. Preston still lives with both of his adopted parents and his brother. Preston has stated that he is constantly vying for his parents’ attention, and his aggression increases whenever someone else is monopolizing their time. He does not feel that he will always become violent, but that his anxiety is constantly increasing in situations such as this. He is afraid that his frustration and need to outdo others will end very negatively. Case Conceptualization It appears that one of Preston’s main issues is that of Displacement. According to Murdock (2013), this occurs when a subject shows anger towards someone who is less dangerous than the real cause of an issue (p. 40). Preston shows that he has issues in dealing with the fact that he still lives at home with his parents. He verbally abuses those that he sees as â€Å"better† than him. Preston does not wish to abuse himself over this issue. So, he abuses others that he believes will accept the abuse. He seems to blame others for whatever failings he has in life. He takes his frustrations out on whoever is the most convenient to him. This involves rage towards his brother, as well as friends of his parents. The fact that Preston was adopted as such an early age raises the issue of attachment bonds as well. It appears that Preston may have become overly attached to his adopted parents. Much of this may have to do with the way that they raised him. His parents were very protective, and would cater to his every need. This seems to have created a kind of subconscious reliance on his parents, and the need for their constant approval. This leads to the constant need for their attention as well as the need to outdo peers. The aggressiveness towards peers does not seem to have started until Preston was old enough to identify that was adopted. He seemed to be displacing fear that his current parents would abandon him onto others. This is the main subconscious issue that is affecting Preston. His fear of abandonment has caused him to irrationally fear any force outside of his parental relationship, including his brother. This affects his appraisal tendency, which is the way his brain perceives threats and relates to his aggression and depression (Gilbert, 2007, p. 47). This is the disconnect that is causing most of Preston’s issues. He feels threats that just are not there. He remains living with his parents, constantly vigilant of anyone that will take them away from him, including his brother. This has manifested itself in a sort of hyper-masculinity. Preston’s ego identifies no other way to express these abandonment issues other than with aggressiveness. Also, the fact that Preston’s aggression has continued to increase could be directly correlated with his parents aging. Perhaps he fears that not only could people take his parents away, but the fear that death is closing in on them. This could also be manifesting itself in Preston’s fear and frustration. Treatment Plan Goals for Counseling The goal for psychoanalytic therapy is to get Preston in touch with his subconscious. This serves to identify the root causes of his present issues. Preston will need to identify specific defense mechanisms that he created in childhood. The material that has shifted from the subconscious to the conscious will need to be readily identified (Murdock, 2013, p. 37). Once these mechanisms and thoughts are out in the open, it will be easier to discuss them and change present behavior. Interventions The fundamental intervention to employ with Preston will be â€Å"free association†. According to Murdock (2013), free association encourages the client to reveal whatever he is thinking even if it seems irrelevant or offensive (p. 49). This will be particularly helpful for Preston, and can reveal what his thought process is when he has these aggressive bouts. It seems that Preston has not been totally honest with himself. Free association can help him to bring out deep-rooted ideas for analysis and discussion. This intervention can provide logic and reason to the seemingly illogical thoughts he is experiencing. Establishing the Relationship I realized that Preston had issues in dealing with other males. I asked him if he would feel more comfortable dealing with a female counselor. He indicated that he did not react the same way to me as with other males. He stated that he realized that my sole purpose was to help him with his issues, and this made him not feel anxious or aggressive. I relayed that I was glad this was the case, but that I needed to be immediately notified if these sentiments changed. Whenever I felt that Preston was actually getting anxious or aggressive, I made him aware. I explained to him that he was projecting these feelings onto me, and that it was harmful to the counselor/client relationship. He quickly calmed down, and apologized. He seemed to genuinely understand my concern for his well-being. Analysis of Transference The occasions that Preston did display anxiousness/aggressiveness, he did seem to understand that he was doing so after it was brought to his attention. He realized that I was not causing his issues, and I attempted to apply this to his other personal relationships. We would analyze why he was feeling this way, and how it related to his childhood and parents. He came to the conclusion that if he did not get these feelings under control in session, then he was never going to get them under control outside of it. Insight Preston came to realize that he had subconscious issues regarding his adoption as a child. He understood that he was so shocked by learning he was adopted that he was afraid it was going to happen again. He learned that he was very afraid of losing his parents. He acknowledged that his aggressive outbursts were not about the people he was dealing with, but about his fear that his parents would somehow like them better and abandon him. Preston identified that this is not considered normal behavior for someone his age. He picked up various calming techniques, and needed to constantly remind himself that the issue was him, not others. I was able to assist Preston in identifying the root causes of different scenarios and emotions that he discussed. His visible anxiety and aggression seemed to be kept to a minimum. With his understanding of why he was experiencing these emotions, Preston seemed to be doing better in his daily life. He reports being able to hold a discussion with other males without feeling the need to be dominant. He has also taken steps in explaining his fears and issues with his parents. Conclusions The next main milestone for Preston will be to find a home of his own. This will take time and adjustment, but will be a great leap forward. Also, he is noticing some of the same issues he is dealing with in his brother. Hopefully, Preston can persuade his brother to seek the same sort of help that he has received. This will have to be gradual so as to not induce any sort of separation anxiety. However, if Preston continues with treatment and making positive choices, then he will be continuing on the path to recovery.

Ethnocentrism Essay Example

Ethnocentrism Essay Example Ethnocentrism Paper Ethnocentrism Paper This natural circumstance can be expected to emerge where a unity is established between different ethnic, racial or linguistic groups. The ethnocentric individual will judge other groups relative to his or her own particularize ethnic group or culture especially with concern to language, behavior, customs, and religion. These ethnic divergence and politeness serve to define each ethnicity unique cultural identity. According to textbook The Health Anthology of American Literature It exemplifies the term ethnocentrism that predominated during the Early Colonial period. During the time period of sasss one of the most prominent examples of ethnocentrism is when the Europeans first came to America and had their first initial encounters with the Native Americans. This resulted between a cultural differences that led to frequent clashes which prevailed to destruction of land and people. These differences included elisions practices and ruling practices, among others. Unfortunately, these cultural distinctions ended in blood shed during war or captivity, which ultimately forced the Native Americans to be assimilated into European culture. For Instance,before the Europeans arrived the Mays felt in harmony with their environment, and so express the Amman perception of the result of the Spanish Conquest. In the Beginning of Sickness, the Mays stated: there was no sickness; they had no aching bones; they had then no high fever, they had no smallpox, etc 5). This explains that the Mays lived a lifestyle of peace, and did not have to worry about living In fear, until there whole life changed when the Europeans arrived. When the Europeans arrived, the Mays stated: they brought shameful things beginning of robbery and violence, the beginning of forced debts, the beginning of debts enforced by false testimony. It was intrusion that forced upon the Amman culture a complete transformation. Everything the Mays believed in , every bit of their culture was destroyed in the hands of the Europeans. Even the Mays language must have been transformed to accommodate the language of the conqueror (6). On the Other hand, another example of ethnocentrism reflected on how the Puritans believed that only their religion was the correct one and all others will be fulminated against. The Puritans inhabited a moral code that everyone had to obey under their authority; therefore if someone refused to follow then they must be punished. This became a major controversial issue which led to the Salem Witch Trials. This social upheaval resulted from the growing tensions in a land-hungry community with an overabundance of unmarried women; on the other hand it represented communal Puritan doubt turned Into self-mutilation (362). Another example Is Anne Hutchinson who was persecuted and expelled as well as proving beliefs in individual grace and criticized the dual nature of religion and the government. Puritans believed that all people were equal before God but that women were inferior to men because they were tainted by Eves quilt (361 Therefore, the magistrates who tried Anna Hutchinson commented upon her masculine behavior as much as they commented upon her religious beliefs. Another Isles (317) when John Smith encounters with the Native Americans and held captive he describes the Native Americans as backward, barbaric, and dangerous. John Smith saw firsthand the hostile actions, different clothes, and inferior technology of the Native Americans. John Smith describes them as being, more like a devil than a man, with some two hundred more as blacks as himself (p. 18). The ethnocentrism of European settlers also created a disconnection between the Native Americans and the whites that created an American identity founded on the universal principles obtainable to the European settlers. In the Creation of Whites, the progressive power of the white man was subtlety addressed as they said, After they had taken away the shallow box, the whites came back and told the Indians their land was very strong and fertile. So they asked the Indians to give them a portion of it that they might live on it (78). This explains that more and more Europeans came back with ACH trip to America, each time asking for more and more resources. Upon the Native Americans support the Europeans were able to become secured people. Therefore, this little bit of help from the Indians was used against them in the continuation of settlement with no reciprocal help from the whites. Clearly, ethnocentrism has caused a problem amongst many cultural differences throughput centuries. It prevented others from understanding another,let alone taking them seriously.

Miss essays

Miss essays One of the most effective crime prevention tools being utilized today is the Neighborhood Watch. The Neighborhood Watch was designed to help strengthen the relationships between neighbors and in the process build community wide crime prevention. Law enforcement officials have for years relied on the community to assist in apprehending criminals after the crime has been committed. With a Neighborhood Watch, this assistance is proactive instead of reactive, meaning that the watch can stop the crime before it occurs. A Neighborhood Watch can be formed around any geographical unit: a block, apartment, public housing complex or neighborhood. A watch group serves as an extra set of eyes and ears for reporting crime and helping neighbors. The effectiveness of a Neighborhood Watch is depends on its members. The Neighborhood Watch serves as a springboard for efforts that address community concerns such as recreation for youth, child care, and affordable housing. A Neighborhood Watch can easily be set up, first contact your neighbors, then then contact your local law enforcement agency and check about setting up a Neighborhood Watch meeting. In order for a group to be certified as a neighborhood watch, most agencies require a minimum of two initial meetings. After the two initial meetings, it is up to each neighborhood to elect a captain for the Neighborhood Watch. Once this is done, the captain will receive signs that will announce to would be criminals that the neighborhood is "on the watch." (National Crime Prevention) There are some tips that are important to keep in mind, which help the Neighborhood watch succeed. First, organize regular meetings that focus on current issues such as drug abuse, crime in schools, recreational activities for young people, and neighborhood problems. Second organize community patrols to walk around streets or apartment complexes and report suspicious activity to police. People in cars with cel...

4 Successful Review Writers That Students Have to Look up to

4 Successful Review Writers That Students Have to Look up to 4 Successful Review Writers That Students Have to Look up to Throughout our lives, we find people who inspire us. Some of them help us work harder, some inspire us to make wise choices, and there are even some people who can inspire us to become better writers. Some of the best review writers are among those exalted few, and their works make us want to improve ourselves by bettering our writing abilities. Here are some of the best essay writers of all times and why they can make you want to become more amazing writers too. 1. Joan Didion Didion began her writing career when she was only five years old reminding us that we are never too young to begin. If you are new to Didion, a Year of Magical Thinking is a particularly good choice. If you have ever dismayed by the decay of morality and the decadence of culture, Didion knows what you’re thinking, and she’s written it down in sharp prose that pierces to the very heart. She once famously said â€Å"The willingness to accept responsibility for ones own life is the source from which self-respect springs.† Don’t make excuses for not moving forward with becoming a stronger writer; Didion wouldn’t approve. 2. Annie Dillard They have said, â€Å"write what you know† and Annie Dillard is a flawless example who follows that advice. The Pulitzer Prize-winning author is famous for her collected essays in Pilgrim at Tinker Creek in which she explores the beauty and horror of the natural world near her home in Roanoke, Virginia. She conveys a sense of unhurried wonder and discovery, which is difficult for experienced writers to maintain. If you have found yourself feeling jaded and struggling for the words to come, try to take a look at her essays and gain your own set of fresh eyes to view the world. 3. David Foster Wallace If you’re a bibliophile, it is possible that you already know and love David Foster Wallace. He’s fighting back against mental illness every day to keep writing down what’s the most important for him. He called writing both â€Å"nourishing and redemptive,† and although Wallace ultimately committed a suicide. His work lives on in his most famous 1000+ page stream-of-consciousness novel Infinite Jest. The chief book critic once said of him, â€Å"He can do sad, funny, silly, heartbreaking and absurd with equal ease; he can even do them all at once.† It is hard to come up with excuses about how a certain style of writing just does not suit you when you consider the odds, which Wallace was dealing with every day, and how he bravely overcame them. 4. Brian Doyle If you’ve never read the essayist Brian Doyle before, you’re in for a real treat. No other essayist so deftly can bring tears to your eyes or smiles to your faces. He is one moment dryly hysterical; next, he is delving into the beauty and tragedy of deepest sorrow. Perhaps, it is unrealistic to imagine that any of us could reach into someone’s heart and yank it right out of their chest with his piercing and perfect command of language, but it is certainly worth a lifetime of trying to get there. As we can see, there are a lot of review writers who had a lot of troubles to tackle, but still they coped with them. Thus, remember that there is nothing impossible, just believe and make some efforts.

Tracing Dimensions of Changing Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Tracing Dimensions of Changing Culture - Essay Example The book is a collection of seven short stories beginning with â€Å"Girl with Lizard†, which tells about a boy and his obsession and desire for a mysterious painting he inherited from his parents, which drove him to unconsciously ruin his relationships with women while discovering his parent’s dark past. â€Å"A Little Fling†, a story about a husband’s political betrayal of his wife for her sake, a wife’s betrayal of her husband to spite him, the narrator’s betrayal of his friend as a result of his own naivety, and the revelation, which destroyed the intimate relationship they all shared. â€Å"The Other Man†, a story, which recounts a man’s discovery of his late wife’s affair and his realization about the truth of his marriage. The middle story, â€Å"Sugar Peas†, tells about a narcissistic man balancing his relationships with three women. â€Å"The Circumcision†, which tells of the relationship between a German man and a Jewish girl in New York, is a foray into the sensitive topic of the division caused by their culture and religion. â€Å"The Son†, on the other hand, tells of filial love, described in a dramatic fashion. The book then ends with â€Å"Woman at the Gas Station†; which narrates of a man and his decision to leave his wife. All these stories are bound by the themes of betrayal brought about by obsession, desperation, and historical circumstance – all because of and in spite of love. The themes, embodied in Flights of Love are best exemplified in his opening story â€Å"Girl with Lizard†.

Ex-Offenders Transitioning Back into Society Research Paper

Ex-Offenders Transitioning Back into Society - Research Paper Example This essay asks that is once a criminal always be a criminal? Are there no chances left for a criminal to reform and lead a normal life? These are the questions faced by the society today. America has only 5 percent of the global population and yet 25 percent of the world’s prison population. America has 2.3 million prisoners behind bars and 5.1 million people on parole. A teaming population of 9 million ex-prisoners are reentering the American society every year. These people have already â€Å"paid their debt to the society† for committing crime and now it is society’s turn to provide them a chance to earn for their livelihood, lead normal life and become good citizens. This paper makes a conclusion that ex-prisoners form a sizeable population of workforce and their inclusion in the job market will give a fillip to the nation’s economy which is under strain. If the opportunities for employment and the other supports are denied to them, nearly half the number of ex-prisoners may return to prisons which will cost heavily on tax payers money and national exchequer. The staggering cost of maintaining prisons and prisoners have already touched $49 billion and if this allowed to increase it will add another $25 billion by the end of 2011.The nation cannot afford to spend $65000 per prisoner which can rather be spent on welfare measures of ex-prisoners and on creating employment opportunities for them thereby reducing recidivism.

The Dhammapada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Dhammapada - Essay Example He was born in the sixth century of a ruling family in the Himalayan foothills and named Siddhartha. He was brought up in royalty where he was trained to become an heir of the kingdom after his father. These trainings brought a lot of suffering to his life resulting to his escape from pleasures and royal privileges. Siddhartha was not pleased with the continued practice to become a ruler. For this reason, he escaped his royal home spending many days in the forest. His escape was based on a mission to find different ways of acquiring deliverance from all suffering (Batchelor, 21). The Buddha had three main aims in his teachings, which included current human affairs and their welfare, favorable rebirth in the subsequent life, and attainment of ultimate high quality. The last one is divided into two parts, which include establishing happiness and morality does not exhaust its significance in human felicity. These aims show different ways in which man can leave in peace with himself and his fellow men. According to the Buddha teachings, the mind plays an important role in the enhancement of wisdom in the mind. If the mind is not steadfast, wisdom never becomes perfect for all those who are not I favor of good teaching and strong faith. Dhamma offers directions elucidating the factual character of way of life and showing the path that leads to liberation (Palihawadana, 44). The Buddha used different methods and instructions to illustrate different ways to pain freedom. Kamma is a volitional action springing from intention and may manifest itself as speech, deeds, thoughts, desires, and emotions. It helped the people in memorizing the teachings by the Buddha. This is because the willed proceedings a human being performs in the path of his existence may perhaps become forgotten, but once performed they leave memories in the mind. These memories are seeds that are capable of fruition in the future on receiving conditions of ripening. This is in relation with the

Business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Business plan - Essay Example Efficient planning of business activities helps in the determination of the most efficient way of allocating resources such as inventory, assets and budgets. The information contained in a business plan helps in maintaining focus. Such information includes product information, financial estimates and the plans for the future (Chwolka and Raith, 2012). Any updates in a business plan assist an entrepreneur to understand how changes affect the entire business. A business plan enables an entrepreneur to secure financing. Banks, private investors or majority of the lending institutions depend on the business plan to understand the plans that an entrepreneur possesses in running the business, business expenses and revenues as well as future plans for growth. Chwolka and Raith (2012) assert that preparing a business plan fuels ambition for inexperienced entrepreneurs because the business is presented in an organized fashion. Adhering to the business plan enables an entrepreneur to acquire c onfidence and motivation on the future success. Additionally, business plan enhances the effectiveness of the business through enlightening the executives on the areas that requires focus for future as well as the present business progress. The two most salient aspects of an effective business plan are the marketing plan and financial information (Chwolka and Raith, 2012). The marketing plan enables the business to enhance competitiveness in the market through identifying the competitors and determining how the business products differ from similar products in the market. Financial information will help to attract investors in the business. From this discussion, it is clear that a plan is a compulsory tool for a successful business. Therefore, what are the necessary steps involved in the formulation of an affective business

Outsourcing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Outsourcing Management - Essay Example Currently Information Systems (IS) Outsourcing Management it's a familiar concept that all of us have already heard something about. The Big Boom of IS Outsourcing Management started with the "Kodak Effect". Outsourcing Management of Information Systems it is a reality since 1963 when "Ross Perot with his company Electronic Data Systems signed an agreement with Blue Cross of Pennsylvania for the handling of its data processing services". (Dibbern, 6)The cases of IS outsourcing continued thought the years until 1980s when Kodak have made a successful " strategic alliance" with is IS partners led by IBM, DEC and Business Land to outsource its information systems. From this moment on no longer was possible to say that "IS is strategic and hence cannot be turned over to a third party ", because if Kodak a renowned company who considered IS to be a strategic asset and was outsourcing it in a successful way, then others could follow the same steps. This really happened like for example wit h: General Dynamics, JP Morgan, BP, and many others around the world. (Dibbern, 07)The following are a list of the three main types of outsourcing management.Total Outsourcing All operations have been contracted to another provider. This is common in generic, non-strategic businesses like food or janitorial services.Partial Outsourcing  This is when certain activities are kept in house such as customer service while other more specialized activities are sourced out. Plants and telecom offices would typically engage in this type of outsourcing.

Matisse The Artist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Matisse The Artist - Essay Example The essay "Matisse The Artist" discusses Henri Matisse and his art. This master piece is more than inspiration and a rare discovery of just how human imagination can go. Use of color is critical in expressing the view of man on the natural setting. This painting of Matisse offers a lesson about the past of visual art and origin of civilization. In this case, the painting is a lesson to successive generation on what creativity can do in reforming the socio-economic and political ideologies. The work is a sign of well-thought out application of color tone to reflect the internal feelings of the artist and provoke the emotion of the audience. The balance of color and space offers a critical role in imparting knowledge on common man about the potential of our wild imaginations. It is evident that pictures speak a thousand words and this manifests itself in this painting. The iconic aspect of Matisse as far as precision and definition of art is concerned speaks for generations to come and hold key into opening opportunities and interests for aspiring painters and sculptors. This painting explores the history of painting and significance of visual impression derived from such in-depth mental adventure. The natural look from the purity of the colors provides fulfillment and invokes the spirit of desire for art. The anesthetic effect of the painting is notable and resonates the idea of Matisse in addressing the inner view of people on the beauty of life. It is worth to note a textural variation.

Outsourcing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Outsourcing Management - Essay Example Currently Information Systems (IS) Outsourcing Management it's a familiar concept that all of us have already heard something about. The Big Boom of IS Outsourcing Management started with the "Kodak Effect". Outsourcing Management of Information Systems it is a reality since 1963 when "Ross Perot with his company Electronic Data Systems signed an agreement with Blue Cross of Pennsylvania for the handling of its data processing services". (Dibbern, 6)The cases of IS outsourcing continued thought the years until 1980s when Kodak have made a successful " strategic alliance" with is IS partners led by IBM, DEC and Business Land to outsource its information systems. From this moment on no longer was possible to say that "IS is strategic and hence cannot be turned over to a third party ", because if Kodak a renowned company who considered IS to be a strategic asset and was outsourcing it in a successful way, then others could follow the same steps. This really happened like for example wit h: General Dynamics, JP Morgan, BP, and many others around the world. (Dibbern, 07)The following are a list of the three main types of outsourcing management.Total Outsourcing All operations have been contracted to another provider. This is common in generic, non-strategic businesses like food or janitorial services.Partial Outsourcing  This is when certain activities are kept in house such as customer service while other more specialized activities are sourced out. Plants and telecom offices would typically engage in this type of outsourcing.

Artifical hydration in pallitiaive care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Artifical hydration in pallitiaive care - Essay Example 2). The palliative care in the UK is grounded on three developmental stages that are significant in comprehending the modern palliative care setting. The initial phase of evolution is concerned with the creation of a haven for dying individuals and giving of terminal care. The second level of advancement is the growth of contemporary hospice lobby. The last stage concentrates on the change from hospice to palliative care (Have & Janssens 2001, p. 85-86). As argued by Have & Janssens (2001), in the UK, palliative care is mostly provided to patients suffering from cancer although other patients that have terminal illnesses like Alzheimer’s disease, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Parkinson’s disease, and advanced heart disease among other conditions that cannot be cured also qualify for the care (p.94). The national umbrella organisation, that facilitates palliative care in the UK, are NCPC (National Council for Palliative Care) and SPPC (Scottish Partnership for Palliative Care). This paper will discuss the artificial hydration in palliative care, its advantages and disadvantages and significance for the patient and end of life care. The discussion revolves around a community setting in the UK. The community palliative care teams provide palliative care in the rural areas. Most of the patients attended to in the community are those that decided to die at home. The services given receive funding from individua l charitable bodies and others by the National Health Service (NHS) (Have & Janssens 2001, p. 94). The artificial hydration in palliative care refers to the administration of fluids into the patient’s body through parenteral routes, nasogastric tube, gastrostomy and nasojejunostomy as a key necessity for nourishment. The truth is that artificial feeding cannot match the natural way of eating through the mouth

Video game and console gaming addiction Essay Example for Free

Video game and console gaming addiction Essay I. The Problem and its Background A. INTRODUCTION In recent years gaming addiction (computer game addiction, console gaming addiction, or even excessive play on portable systems) has received increased attention not only from the media, but also from psychologists, psychiatrists, mental health organizations, and gamers themselves. Gaming addiction is not yet classified as a mental health disorder or true addiction like gambling or alcohol addiction. However, some gamers clearly struggle to keep their playing habits under control and may place more importance on their gaming accomplishments than their happiness and success in the real world (e. g. , academic achievement, friendships, relationships, career advancement, health, etc. ). B. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Many people or computer users have their thoughts and questions about online games. But this is some common questions that we will have to acknowledge: a.Why do students easily get addicted in computer/online games? b. What are the harmful effects in getting addicted to computer/online games? C. IMPORTANCE OF STUDY This study aimed to know why many student easily get addicted to computer games and the harmful effects of computer/online games. D. DEFINITION OF TERMS †¢ Addiction- is the continued use of a mood altering substance or behavior despite adverse dependency consequences, or a neurological impairment leading to such behaviors. †¢ Online Game- is a video game played over some form of computer network, using a personal computer or video game console. This network is usually the internet or equivalent technology, but games have always used whatever technology was current: modems before the Internet, and hard wired terminals before modems. The expansion of online gaming has reflected the overall expansion of computer networks from small local networks to the internet and the growth of internet access itself.

The Tempest Is A Play About The Power And Dangers Of Creativity :: essays research papers

The Tempest is a play about the power and dangers of creativity. Discuss. "From beginning to end the play-write gives prominence to the problems of dominion, freedom, political failure and of repetition." Like Russ Mc Donald I also believe that Shakespeare devoted his last comedy largely to the exploration of the shapes and effects that possession and the search for power can have on persons. The Tempest's central character, Prospero, is also crucial to this interpretation. His unique magical gifts give him undefeatable power to wreak vengeance on his enemies. It is a position fraught with dangers both for him and for others. But he is not the only veichel. Entwined with this wizard's inventive qualities are questions over what can only be called, by a modern reader as the theme of colonialism in the play which pervades the minds of all the 'civilised' Italians; Caliban and Miranda are the two primary victims of this patriarchal society. One must also make a note of the motif of usurpation in the play and recognise its interesting implications. Shakespeare initiates a mood of danger and imagination from the off, as the play begins with the great tempest which threatens to bring the sailors to their doom. The tempest we also find out was the intention of Prospero rather than the will of nature thus immediately establishing Prospero as a character with unusual powers but with severe possibilities, this is highlighted by the juxtaposition of the pleading Miranda who says†¦.. This is not the only time in the play where she plays this role, when Ferdinand falls in love with Miranda Prospero treats him harshly and Miranda's leaps to his defence while telling Ferdinand †¦.. Her we see the danger that Propero's magic combined with his nature can prove too much for some. But there is more danger ahead as we shall see.

Angina: Diagnosis and Treatment Options :: Health Medicine

Angina: Diagnosis and Treatment Options Angina refers to the pain arising from lack of adequate blood supply to the heart muscle. Typically, it is a crushing pain behind the breastbone in the center of the chest, brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. It may at times radiate to or arise in the left arm, neck, jaw, left chest, or back. It is frequently accompanied by sweating, palpitations of the heart, and generally lasts a matter of minutes. Similar pain syndromes may be caused by other diseases, including esophagitis, gall bladder disease, ulcers, and others. Diagnosis of angina begins with the recognition of the consistent symptoms. Often an exercise test with radioactive thallium is performed if the diagnosis is in question, and sometimes even a cardiac catheterization is done if the outcome is felt necessary to make management decisions. This is a complex area which requires careful judgment by physician and patient. Angina is a manifestation of coronary artery disease, the same disease leading to heart attacks. Coronary artery diseas refers to those syndromes caused by blockage to the flow of blood in those arteries supplying the heart muscle itself, i.e., the coronary arteries. Like any other organ, the heart requires a steady flow of oxygen and nutrients to provide energy for rmovement, and to maintain the delicate balance of chemicals which allow for the careful electrical rhythm control of the heart beat. Unlike some other organs, the heart can survive only a matter of minutes without these nutrients, and the rest of the body can survive only minutes without the heart--thus the critical nature of these syndromes. Causes of blockage range from congenital tissue strands within or over the arteries to spasms of the muscular coat of the arteries themselves. By far the most common cause, however, is the deposition of plaques of cholesterol, platelets and other substances within the arterial walls. Sometimes the buildup is very gradual, but in other cases the buildup is suddenly increased as a chunk of matter breaks off and suddenly blocks the already narrowed opening. Certain factors seem to favor the buildup of these plaques. A strong family history of heart attacks is a definite risk factor, reflecting some metabolic derangement in either cholesterol handling or some other factor. Being male, for reasons probably related to the protective effects of some female hormones, is also a relative risk. Cigarette smoking and high blood pressure are definite risks, both reversible in most cases.

For Success in a Future Job, the Ability to Relate Well to People Is More Important Than Studying Hard in School.

We all know that students nowadays are studying hard in the school. And many educator and parents are willing to see the students are doing so. They believe that studying hard is more important for success in the future. Although studying hard is very essential for students, the more imperative thing modern children should acquire is the ability to keep a good relationship with others. Relating well and cooperating with others contributes remarkably to students’ success in the future job market.It is become more and more difficult for a single person to deal with the complex issue. In the past, the jobs were usually very simple, such as sending the mails to the home, repairing the bicycles or other simple machines. But now the task turns to be very complex. When doctor meet a strange disease, he could not know the real reason that cause the illness before talk with other doctors in hospital. The engineering also cannot design the whole building all by himself, and he need a te am of engineering to concern all of the aspects when constructing the whole building.So even though a man have a lot of knowledge keep in their brain, when confront the complicated tasks, relate to others seem to be more important. A good interpersonal relationship will make the person feel happy and have a nice life. It is because that as a modern human being, everybody has tons of work to do in daily life, so they always feel very tired and frustrated after work. At this time a good relationship will help to relieve pressure. Lily got a perfect score after she graduate, and she got a good job in an economic company.There are a plenty of work for her to finish every day. Since she studied very hard at school and didn’t have any time to play with her classmates, so she has little friends around her. Even though the salary is handsome, she still felt her life is not blissful. But one day she read a book named how to win friends and influence people, she learnt the importance o f keeping touch with others and a lot of experience about how to make friends. Then she successfully makes a lot of friends around her and they usually go shopping, go swimming and go hiking together after work or in the weekends.Now she felt very glad about her life and she performs much better in her jobs. This is just the relationship between friends that bring so much benefit to a person's success in one's career. Admittedly, studying hard in school might do student a favor to be successful in the future jobs to some degree. For one thing, studying hard could help students to acquire knowledge from the books, which is important when you need these knowledge’s to solve problems in the job. For another thing, it will make your parents and teachers feel happy.However, relating well with others not means to study badly. A person keeps good relationship with schoolmates should also have a good performance in their study. I think the parents and teachers would more willing to s ee the children not only study hard but also have a lot of good friends around them. Although I agree that a good study is very important for students in school, I feel that the good relationship with others will bring more benefits to individuals and will play more important role in the future career.

Mohandas Gandhi: A Moral/Economic Progress Essay

In Mohandas Gandhi’s speech â€Å"Economic and Moral Progress† emphasis is placed on distinguishing the difference between economic and moral progress. From Gandhi’s experience and studies he recognizes that economic and moral progress are often opposing and interchangeable. Gandhi states that he knows little of economics but was more that happy to speak on the topic because of his strong belief in the importance of moral progress over economic progress. Gandhi relies primarily on religious text coupled with all three rhetoric devices to exemplify his argument. Gandhi quotes the bible in saying â€Å"Take no thought for the morrow† meaning one should seek morality over material advantage, an idea prevalent â€Å"in almost all the religious scriptures in the world†(Gandhi 334) and it is this very idea with which Gandhi argues. Gandhi views economic progress and moral progress as two singular properties. Gandhi makes the assumption at the beginning of his speech that economic progress refers to one’s materialistic wealth while moral progress refers to â€Å"real progress† (Gandhi 334) Gandhi introduces his idea of what defines moral progress by asking â€Å"Does not moral progress increase in the same proportion as material progress?† (Gandhi 334) In this question Gandhi is examining the relationship between economic and moral progress. Gandhi states that it is popular belief that â€Å"material progress does not clash with moral progress†, so it must necessarily advance the latter. Gandhi exemplifies this popular idea and applies it to the â€Å"case of thirty millions of India stated by the late Sir William Wilson Hunter to be living on one meal a day† this case built on the idea that before attending to one’s moral welfare their daily needs must first be satisfied. Gandhi continues on state how absurd this idea it is, it is his belief that every human has the right to life, food, clothing and shelter but to obtain these things â€Å"we need no assistance from economists†(Gandhi 334) It is Gandhi’s belief that the â€Å"test of orderliness in a country is not the number of millionaires it owns, but the absence of starvation among its masses†. Gandhi’s argument relies heavily on his use of ethos in quoting religious texts as well as historical figures. It is Gandhi’s idea that economic progress does not necessarily clash or assist in moral progress, but rather acts a vehicle, which holds the possibility for either outcome. Gandhi illustrates the potential for economic progression leading to moral growth when he recalls his time in South Africa. Gandhi had observed that the  people of South Africa believed that â€Å"the greater possession of riches, the greater was their moral turpitude†(Gandhi 335) mea ning that the societal norms frowned upon living in excess and not sharing wealth. Though in contrast, Gandhi exemplifies economic progress leading to moral decay when he addresses the decline and fall of Rome, Egypt and even the Hindu deity Krishna, â€Å"with them material gain has not necessarily meant moral gain†(Gandhi 335) Gandhi is not opposing the pursuit of wealth, but the pursuit of wealth for material advantage. Gandhi applies pathos to religious ideals, evident when he describes what he believes to be symbolic of material progress, he states â€Å"It is not possible to conceive gods inhabiting a land which is made hideous by the smoke and the din of mill chimneys and factories and whose roadways are traversed by rushing engines dragging numerous cars crowded with men who know not what they are after†(Gandhi 337) Gandhi’s vivid imagery successfully conveys his idea that material wealth has corrupted the values of society and stunted moral progression. Gandhi’s speech is strongly driven by his use of ethics and emotion, but his speech also appeals to the logical mind. Gandhi’s use of logos is evident during his quotation of â€Å"the great scientist†(Gandhi 337) Alfred Wallace. Wallace, a British naturalist states that his country has put power and wealth before nature and Christianity and describes â€Å"†¦how as the country has rapidly advanced in riches, it has gone down in morality†(Wallace 338) Gandhi’s speech is largely based on the idea that society today upholds a distorted set of values, placing emphasis on material advantage and economic gain over moral growth and progress. Gandhi’s use of rhetoric devices appeal to a diverse audience using logic, ethics and emotion to prove that moral progress trumps economic progress.

Cash Flow Essay

Cash Flow A statement of cash flows is required by generally accepted accounting principles to be included in a complete set of financial statement. www.wiley.com Companies are required to prepare a statement of cash flow because it contains information for lenders and investors (external users). When a company uses the statement of cash flow it contains their annual reports that help to make decisions about the companies. The basis for cash flow analysis is presented in the statement of cash flow. It contains the actual cash a company generated and it shows how the company is able to operate and perform in the future. There are three ways a company shows the way they consume and produce cash. The cash flow statement has three sections. The three ways are cash flows from operations, investing and financing. How the company gets its cash is the operations and financing. The investing section shows the way the company spends its cash. Ratios would be used in the decision making process. One of the examples of the ratios is the operating cash flow ratio. This measures how current liabilities are covered by the cash flow generated by a company operation. A ratio that falls below 1.00 shows the company is not generating enough cash to meet current commitments. When a company falls below 1.00, it will have to find ways to fund its operations or slow their rate of spending in its cash. If the company has an existing cash balance that can meet the needs, they would have to consider if the company will be able to continue to operate without additional funds, because the existing cash may not last. The cash current debt coverage ratio is another important ratio. This ratio measures the ability of a company to repay its current debts. Ratios less than 1.00 in the cash current debt coverage, means the company is not  generating cash to repay its current debt obligations. On a company balance sheet it is better to have a higher multiple calculated by this ratio. With the trend analysis, which is also called the horizontal analysis, typically over years, financial ratios are compared. Doing a year to year comparison will highlight trends, which will be useful in showing improvement in the organization financial performance or it will show deterioration. The most important information from analyzing statement cash flow is the relationship of two or more variables. This is the cash flow from operation activities to total cash flows. RUNNING HEAD: CASH FLOW The major difference between indirect and direct method is the information that it shows. The indirect method focuses on net income and cash flow of operations. It adds depreciation back and calculates changes in items in balance sheet. The most important line of the statement is the net cash from financing activities to show if a company continually needs to borrow or add other investors to survive. The direct method reports the classes of operating receipts of cash and payment. www.inc.com This would be money received and spent to calculate net cash. There is no depreciation included because it is not money received or spent.

Global warming is it real or not Research Paper

Global warming is it real or not - Research Paper Example Due to the rise in temperature, much of the living organisms are affected most of which die. Researchers suggest that the rise in the concentration of these greenhouse gases results in the Earth getting warmer gradually. This concentration occurs, for example, by the release of gases like CO2 in the atmosphere through natural processes and also by industries and factories that burn fossil fuels. Deforestation is another cause of increase in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere since trees are the most important absorbers of CO2 and when they are cut down, CO2 increases and thus concentrates the atmosphere. The debate whether global warming is real or not is going on and it is being researched whether increase in the level of greenhouse gases like CO2 will eventually lead to man’s death by warming up the Earth to an unacceptable level. In my view, global warming is as important an environment issue as air pollution or ozone depletion is, and needs serious consideration so as to save the Earth and the life. Reason 1 Now, I discuss the reasons behind my thesis statement. I believe that global warming is real because the stakeholders are many. Humans are being affected by this problem and will continue to get affected if it is not solved. Human beings are the most important stakeholders of global warming and are also the cause of it. They will have to understand that their communities are at stake due to abrupt rise in sea level, massive storms and hurricanes, and heat and cold waves. For example, the year 2007 brought worst floods in the history of many countries like Malaysia, UK, North Korea, and other African countries. Pakistan saw the worst flood in 2010 that took millions of lives and took the shelter of thousands of people. After human beings, the next important stakeholders are the animals and plants. Some animals are able to move to places of acceptable temperature but some are not able to cross the mountain barriers and waters. Plants cannot move, so they die. Another stakeholder is the global governments whose vision toward solving the issue of global warming depends upon the views of their citizens. Many of these governments have not taken satisfactory moves toward the solution of global warming but there are other examples like Kyoto Protocol of 1997 which planned to counter the climate change issue. The Southern Baptist Convention of June 2007, which was considered as the country’s largest Protestant denomination (Miller, 2008, p.128), raised concerns about the fact that global warming will continue to affect the poor of the country because even if steps are taken to counter global warming by reducing the number of factories that emit CO2, this will result in an increase in the cost of energy that will ultimately affect the poor. Businesses are the only stakeholders that will not make movements against the global arming issue so much so that they will even try to stop the decrease in global warming. This is because businesses tend to run such factories and industries that emit CO2 into the atmosphere and no business would want to end his business. But not all businesses work in this manner. For example, FedEx is such a company that tends to decrease global warming by shifting its entire fleet of delivery trucks to hybrids. Reason 2 I believe that global warming is real also because it is resulting in many climate changes. Everybody will

Networking Technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Networking Technologies - Essay Example Fiber Cable: This is a generic term used for both plastic and glass fiber-optic cables. There are numerous types of fiber cables with varying characteristics. Fiber-optic cabling is used for high-speed communications in many areas with very high-speed communications requirements. Some cables can handle Gbps over long distances. Microwaves: A communications satellite is really a microwave relay station 22,300 miles in space. It orbits the Earth at that altitude because thats the altitude that an orbiting object circles the Earth every 24 hours, the same time it takes Earth to make one revolution. Before satellites were used for communications, all signals had to be carried over land, via microwave repeater stations, spaced about the 30 miles apart on mountains, requiring hundreds of such towers. They had to be "in line of sight" of one another, because microwaves cant travel through trees, mountains or buildings. LAN: (Local Area Network) a group of computers linked together in close proximity such as a building, a suite of offices, or even a single room. Due to the limited size of the network, data is usually transferred rapidly. This arrangement is useful in business for the sharing of information. Ethernet is a local area network (LAN) first developed by Dr. Robert M. Metcalfe and D.R. Boggs while working for Xerox in the 1970s. WAN: a computer network that encompasses a large geographical area and is made up of two or more LANs. The network may be connected by telephone wire, cable or satellite. The Internet is the largest WAN known. Home & Small Business: This is usually an application of LAN which is commonly used by home users. People connect computers at close proximity within their homes or businesses with a relatively small setup through cheap media like twisted pair or coaxial cabling. International Networks: These networks connect different countries and can span over the entire globe like the Internet.

Describe one social work method and how you could use it in practice Essay

Describe one social work method and how you could use it in practice - Essay Example Social case work is identified as a form of ‘one to one relationship’ based on which social workers make efforts in terms of understanding the factors resulting to complications within human lives (Sajid, 2012; Schwartz & et. al., 1975; Richmond, 1922). In this context, to adopt social case work in practice, I would perform social case work with the assistance of social workers in the community. The practice of social case work would be based on certain procedure that include assessment, study, evaluation and application of appropriate procedures based on which social case work activities are to be conducted. Additionally, the practice of social case work should be conducted in accordance with guiding principles and standards that include ethical values and knowledge among others (National Association of Social Workers, 2013; Perlman, 1957; NCBI, n.d.). It can be comprehended that social case work acts as a comprehensive tool in terms of developing the overall situation of individuals having difficulties in aligning with surrounding environment both in terms of physical and social perspective. In this regard, the practice of social case work is required to be conducted on the basis of certain procedure, so that care and treatment is offered appropriately. LinkedIn Corporation, 2014. Social Case Work. Celebrating the Dignity & Worth of Every Individual. [Online] Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/srengasamy/social-case-work-main [Accessed September 22, 2014]. Social Care Institute for Excellence, 2014. End of Life - Ideas for Practice: Case Study the Importance of Social Work Support. Home. [Online] Available at: http://www.scie.org.uk/adults/endoflifecare/ideasforpractice/socialworksupport.asp [Accessed September 22,

Business Finance Ratios Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Finance Ratios - Essay Example Debt ratios signify the use of debt in acquiring the assets of the company. It signifies how the company has financed its assets and through what combination of debt and equity. Riordan Manufacturing has a higher debt ratio as compared to Kuddler foods however it must also be noted that the use of higher debt may also be favorable for the firm as it allow them to magnify their P/E ratio due to the impact of debt on taxable income of the firm. Apart from that the higher debt will allow firms to get the tax benefits also. However it also must be noted that the higher debt may be risky as taking more debt means putting on more burden on the existing resources to pay back the debt rather than being channeled into the more productive resources. Profit Margin is a ratio of great importance as it actually indicates what company is earning after paying off all its costs. This is in its essence is one of the key ratios of the success of the firm. In this regard, the profit margin of Riordan Manufacturing is less than that of the Kuddler Fine Foods. This can be because of the differences in their industry. Riordon being in manufacturing sectors has to incur costs which Kuddler, being in grocery business, may not incur. Further, the low profit margin for Riordon may also be attributed to its higher fixed costs ratio in its overall cost structure. Return on Assets is another very critical indicator of the how efficient firm is in running and managing its resources. High asset turnover and return on assets clearly indicate the level of professionalism and management approach. The ratio is significant in the sense that it provides management the vital indicator of how the firm is managing its assets to derive the sales. A low ratio would mean that it is taking more assets of the firm to generate the desired level of the return thus inefficient approach to managing the firm

Toward a Moral Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Toward a Moral Economy - Essay Example Just for the sake of their rights, some of the people who were in favor of the justice and equality for all raised their voices and thus the concept of moral economy were developed. There are different characteristics or the attributes, which can make any economy a moral and justified economy. The researchers are of the opinion that any economy can be perfect and moral just because of the implications and the practices in that particular duration. There are three main types of economies based on the practices and the implications, i.e. Socialism, capitalism and the communism. Usually if we look over all the concepts and the attitudes of a socialist economy then we can say that socialism is the best moral economy. If we look at the historical perspectives of the establishment of a moral economy, the different sociologists have worked a lot on this discussion. The one common point of all the researchers is the basic foundation of a moral economy. According to their point of view, the economic activities influenced by the sentiments, values, norms, and other just thought patterns might contribute to make a moral economy. The contributions of different authors are discussed here in detail; Adam Smith: Adam Smith wrote two books containing great and inspirational concepts about the establishment of a moral economy. One book ‘Wealth of the Nations’ is directly related to the ethical standards of an economy whereas the other book ‘The Moral System’ gives a general frame work for the foundation of an economic system. In both of his writings, Smith has tried to formulate general rules of justice and laws that should be implemented in an economic system. Adam Smith has even tried to pin point the process that can motivate the people to adopt ethical and moral laws so that they can work their best for the establishment of a moral economy at least on individual basis. Another high point of Smith writings is the formulation of two

Assessing Importance of School Factors Such as Racism Essay Example for Free

Assessing Importance of School Factors Such as Racism Essay A variety of material disadvantages that may confront ethnic minorities coming from working class backgrounds are they do not achieve the same level of education. The main achievers are Indian, Chinese and African students, but the lowest achievers are Turkish, Bangladeshi And Afro Caribbean students. The white working class students are the lowest achieving, which is peculiar because most sociologists are white who stereotype and label other students from different backgrounds. The main cause of underachievement in schools are cultural and language factors which sociologists clarify and focus on and are thought to be main cause of everything. Previously the spotlight has been put on what happens in school and racism in common As shown by Cecile Wright, which explains that, Asian students can also be the victims of teachers Cecile found out that regardless of the schools evident promise to equal opportunities, teachers still hold ethnocentric views they believe that British culture and English are greater. This prepared teachers to assume that they would have a poor pronunciation of English and left them out of class debates or used basic, childlike speech when speaking to them. Asian pupils also felt cut off when teachers spoken dissatisfaction of their behaviour or misread their names. Teachers saw them not as a risk but as a difficulty they could take no notice of. This resulted in that Asian pupils in particular the girls were hard-pressed to the limits and disallowed from play a part fully. Close at hand is proof of teacher racial discrimination and harmful labelling. Nevertheless study shows that pupils can take action in variety of ways. They may take action by becoming unsettling or withdrawn but pupils may decline to agree to the label and even choose to prove it incorrect by putting in hard work. Off-putting labels do not repeatedly twist into self-fulfilling prophecy Working class white pupils attain below standards and have lesser desires. There isn’t much parental support at home, which means there is low achievement and goals. Reports show that teachers have to deal with low level of behaviour and discipline in white working class schools. Nevertheless they had fewer kids on benefit programs teachers blame this on inadequate parental support at home and negative attitude that white working class parents have towards their children and their education. The life in the street for white working class can be tough for pupils which means they get used to getting intimidating and intimidate other which they pick up and use in school to cause disruptions and make it hard for other students to succeed at school. Underachievement of student of different is blamed on cultural deprivation. Few sociologists say that Afro-Caribbean families lack a close relationship to their family and therefore are extremely violent towards everything they do. Arguments explain that families aren’t very supportive towards their children and they don’t offer enough cultural capital for their children. Stereotypical views suggest those students are not deprived because of their class or because of their backgrounds. Factors like social class are important to certain ethnic minorities like Pakistanis, Bangladeshis and a considerable amount of Afro-Caribbean students, which are all working class backgrounds in which material deprivation play a main role because to find out why they achieve below the national standards. Sociologists say schools and curriculums made just for one specific group of ethnic minority gives priority to one particular ethnic minority while disregarding other ethnic groups. Some schools have curriculums, which are ethnocentric because they only give priority to English languages. The British curriculum has been described as exclusively British. In history Britain is thought to bring civilisation to ancient people are colonised. Black people as inferior weakens black children’s self esteem and Leads to them to underachieving and failing. It isn’t for sure what effects the ethnocentric study shows that black don’t really suffer from low self esteem. Wright’s study found some ethnic minority groups received poorer interaction from staff. Teachers perceptions were seem as stereotypical although Asian students were seen as good and black students were seen disruptive and disobedient. Study show that schools in cities which contain ethnic minority students were not benefitting in terms of O Levels entries because of being in low set and having to achieve high grade in order to get good results and become successful. Overall taking into consideration we can not split or label ethnicity from social classes and gender since this is really difficult matter as some of the main achieving students are from ethnic minorities so for that reason there isn’t a connection here so we can’t make statements or come to conclusions as to what the association among ethnic groups and schools actually are. Pupils can refuse to accept negative classing and teacher expectations. Sociologists can’t come to a conclusion to explain what occurs between teacher and students or what takes place in different ethnic groups related to education. Students live up to roles they are given but can try to resist the labels and getting put behind by carrying out what is thought of them to do or do what they want to do and achieve good education and become successful.

Fitzhugh And His Defence In Cannibals All Philosophy Essay

Fitzhugh And His Defence In Cannibals All Philosophy Essay George Fitzhugh, in his defense of slavery in Cannibals All! represents a truly conservative ideology. Fitzhugh articulates the necessity of slavery as an absolute good, not merely a political reality. In doing so, Fitzhugh decries the supposed better lives of ?free labors? by attacking the notions of natural right and liberty and the belief in consent of the governed. Fitzhugh reverts to an Aristotelian view of natural inequalities ? some men are meant to be slaves and others to be masters ? and praises slavery and feudalism as a benefit for both the aristocracy and the masses. Fitzhugh represents an attack on the basic principles of modern liberalism, as well as a rejection of the new ?isms? of his day (notably socialism and abolitionism), which would lead to the abandonment of all social institutions (marriage, government, etc). Fitzhugh embraces Aristotle?s concept of the origins of government, and rejects the Lockean social contract (6-13). Fitzhugh further rejects the institutions of the North and praises the institution of slavery throughout the south. Aristotelian Fitzhugh prefers Aristotelian, classical political theory to modern, liberal political thought. Fitzhugh asserts that inequality and slavery is natural ? i.e. that aristocracy is a natural instititution. Some men are better than others; equality is a fraudulent concept. Fitzhugh rejects any notion of natural liberty, as there was no state of nature outside civil society. Hobbes, Locke and the liberal tradition are wrong ? there is no state of nature, men do not exist individually, but only in society. Government are always instituted by force, not by consent; there is no social contract. Men are by nature social, as Aristotle states, thus there is no such thing as a state of nature absent society. Thus, there is no natural right, men only exist under the rule of government and society. Government are not made by consent, as Locke claims, but by ?birth and nature?. Restrictions on liberty exist to ?preserve the human hive.? Liberty does not exist in the civil society either; men are ruled by government for ?security.? Liberty is neither attainable nor desirable (71-78). Liberty leads men to harm others just to ?be just to himself? ? but men are not selfish, but social, longing for social institutions (228). Fitzhugh affirms that man is by nature social and loves first his family, then his slaves, then his countrymen (36). Fitzhugh denies the principle of the Declaration that government ?derive their just powers from the consent of the governed.? Only the elites were consulted in forming the government ? all governments are instituted by force and continued by force. Good republics are governed by a small group of elites ? much as the southern states are governed. Only a limited few in North are truly granted consent ? consent government is the equal of anarchy (243-246). Slavery Good Following Aristotelian and classical premises, certain men are by nature superior ? they are meant to rule and be masters. The mass of men are meant to be slaves. Any notion of equality is false, men are not by nature equal, some men have genius while most men mediocre. This is certainly true when comparing whites to Negroes, or when comparing laborers to capitalists. The purpose of society is to provide not liberty, which ensures the destruction of men in a Hobbesian state of war, but to provide security to men, which demands a state of slaver. Only a handful of men are meant to rule; the notion of self-government has been tossed out the window ? the masses are not fit to rule, or even to be consulted as to rule. Men of genius are fit to command, the masses are meant for imitation and slavery; mediocrity must be ?chained down?. ?Liberty for the few, slavery for the masses? (63). Elites should rule, and impose strict restrictions on liberty for the protection of society. Elites certainly possess liberty ? the liberty to govern men to provide for their best interests. The ruling class takes upon themselves the making of all decisions as to the best interest of the people. Men have a natural right to be ?taken care of and protected? ? i.e. to be slaves. Only one man in twenty is fit ?for liberty and command? (67-69) It is the duty of society to protect the weak; thus it is the duty of society to enslave the weak. Blacks are weak because they lack the means to support themselves in infirmity, and that they lack the wits and abilities to survive in free competition (187). Liberty is a terrible thing for blacks; they must be protected by the institution of slavery. The competitive, individualistic state of nature a state of war and the masses are not fit for competition. Inferior men must be protected by elites, this can only be done when they submit all their ?liberty? to masters ? that is, submit to slavery. Scripture supports slavery, recognizing that slavery is ?promotive of men?s happiness and well-being?, and instills morality (30). Slavery is a police institution, protecting slaves from the tyranny of husbands and parents. The Bible defends the institution of white slavery, thus it must be either untrue, or else slavery is an absolute good and not a violation of natural liberty (if such a th ing even exists). Fitzhugh supports the notion that slavery is an absolute good. Slavery serves to make men moral and intelligent, and is preserved by a love of the slave for his master and the master for his slave. Slavery promotes the good of the slaves, because masters love their slaves as they love their families; whereas there is no such attachment among laborers and capitalists (200-206). A society based upon slavery is necessary to protect men from a Hobbesian ?war of all against all?; liberty is undesirable as it will bring harm to the weak (218-19). Slavery serves the best interest of the slaves ? a society based on liberty and competition would overwhelm them, much worse than a kind, loving master would. Elite masters will protect, teach, and ensure the morals of the masses. Poor better off in Aristocracy/Feudalism than Liberalism Fitzhugh teaches that the feudal state was superior to the modern state in protecting the interests of the masses ? i.e. the poor. He believes Southern society is akin to the feudal society, and thus superior to the Northern way of doing things. The Reformation, in trying to grant liberty to the mass, in reality harmed the poor. The institutions of aristocracy, feudalism, and church power over land protected the poor and provided them ?true liberty.? By attacking these institutions, the reformers ?impaired the moral, spiritual, and physical well-being? of the masses (107). ?There was no pauperism in Europe until feudal slavery was abolished? (210). Feudal lords protected their serfs and provided for their needs. In the modern state, competition leads to nothing but the oppression of the weak by the strong. The rise of modern science teaches that men have a right to private judgment; this leads to the concept of human individuality and to the notion of a social contract. Doctrines of Laissez-Faire, free speech and press, human equality, and liberty of action descend from this notion. This philosophy results in ?the supreme sovereignty of the individual, and the abnegation of government? (53). All power is deferred from govern ment to individual men; given Fitzhugh?s view of natural elites, it is his contention that the few will dominated, and destroy, the many. Fitzhugh decries the abolitionist movement as in favor of abolishing all institutions, not just slavery, in favor of individual rule. Abolitionism mean the abolition of government, of marriage, of family, of church, and of property (85). It is this characterization of abolitionism that demonstrates ?the failure of free society?, thus free institutions, liberty under law, does nothing to promote the public good (99-100). The right of private judgment leads to the institution of ?no government (132). ?All modern philosophy converges to a single point ? the overthrow of all government? (190). Liberty demands the end of private property; the socialists recognize that this is the logical end to modern liberalism ? they are either right, and all must be abolished, or liberalism is wrong and liberty is undesirable (222). Fitzhugh, as stated previously, believes the latter; liberty is destructive of security for the masses. Only elites should be granted liberty ? the liberty to rule over and enslave the masses in order to protect them. Comparison of North and South Having demonstrated that modern liberalism is based on flawed logic, and that slavery is an absolute good, Fitzhugh seeks to demonstrate that Southern institutions are superior to Northern capitalism. In the South, slaves are well provided for by kindly, loving masters, while in the North, wage labor is treated appallingly by wealthy elites. That is, he has first attacked the ideology behind Northern thought, and is now attacking the institutions of the North, in defense of Southern slavery. Southern slavery is superior to Northern capitalism. Slaves ?keep more of the products of their labor? than wage laborers; and slave masters care for the needs of slaves far beyond what capitalist ever would do. White ?slave-holding? is characterized by making others work for you, and paying as little as possible; while Southern slave masters work ?as hard as their slaves.? Negro slaves are happier and freer than wage-laborers; northern whites are slaves to money, their liberty limited by their need for wages. The northern capitalist views ill treatment of labor as a ?moral good? and thus cannibalism is the name of the game. Slave masters do not enjoy the luxury of northern capitalists; they must labor with their slaves to preserve their estates. Slave masters protect and improve the conditions of the slaves, by ?enforcing morality? and educating them by merely being around them (15-30). Men are happier in slave states than in the North; they are well cared for and not starving (234) . Fitzhugh?s contention is that Southern slave masters must work to maintain their estates; as slaves are part of their household, their interests lie in the protection and well being of slaves. The natural relationship of master and slave is similar to that of the family, masters are loving toward their slaves ? which is evident in the kindness of Southern slave masters. Northern capitalists desire nothing but to profit by the exploitation of laborers. Southern slave masters exhibit kindness for the slaves, educate them and teach them morals, and protect them as any natural aristocrat would. Fitzhugh?s analysis of the Southern slave holder, or of Northern capitalism, may not be an accurate portrayal of 19th century life, but it is based more on political theory than on current events. Fitzhugh maintains than natural aristocrats, elites blessed with superior wisdom and abilities, must govern the mass of men for their own protection. Self-government and liberty harm the masses and undermine security; liberty is reserved for the elites, aristocratic institutions are superior to democratic. Slavery is justified, not as a necessary evil, but an absolute good, as slavery allows masters to protect and provide for the well-being of slaves. Northern capitalism, based on liberal traditions, exploits the masses, and has failed. The only progress for liberalism is, as socialists and abolitionists advocate, the destruction of government, property, family, and all institutions ? which will only lead to greater oppression. The only solution is slavery ? allowing elites to rule over sla ves. This serves in sharp contrast to Lincoln, who holds the Declaration and the principles of Locke and the founding fathers as absolutely good. Slavery is evil in that it denies equality and liberty to all men. Slavery has been tolerated only as a necessary evil. Freedom is always preferable to freedom, regardless of intellectual ability. Lincoln Abraham Lincoln?s speeches and public documents can best be characterized by two key tendencies. First, Lincoln, in the wake of radicals (such as Fitzhugh) in the South and in the North in abolitionists, takes a position that is both moderate, and based on pragmatic concerns. Second, and building upon his pragmatism, Lincoln points to the principles of the founding fathers, i.e. the spirit of the Declaration of Independence, and the supremacy of the Constitution in justifying his positions. Lincoln?s proposed limits on the expansion of slavery into territories is a moderate position; based on his resistance to abolition ? both for practical reasons and because of the views of the founders, and his view that slavery is a wrong ? based on the principle of equality and natural right espoused in the Declaration. Lincoln?s approach to the slavery issue, and the preservation of the Union, demonstrate his belief in moderate, gradual, and legal approaches to the problems, as well as his utmost commitment to the ideals of the framers of the Constitution. Spirit of Founders ? Liberty and Equality Lincoln believes that the US is a truly great experiment that will demonstrate that a people can govern themselves. To demonstrate the success of such principles, the Union must be preserved. (Address to Young Men?s Lyceum, 1838). Slavery undermines the example of the notion of self-government, denying the republicanism of US institutions to a substantial proportion of the population. Both enemies of free institutions and true advocates of freedom will point to the US example as hypocritical (Speech on Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854). No founding father denied that the Negro was to be included in the Declaration of Independence. ?Inferior races? are equal in regard to natural rights (Fifth Lincoln Douglas Debate, 1858). Lincoln believes strongly that the privileges of government, and the notion of self-government should be extended to all who pay taxes or serve ? i.e. all white men and women (Letter to the Sangamo Journal, 1836). Lincoln mocks the view of Stephen Douglas and other Democrats on their notion of self-government. Lincoln claims self-government is the right of the people to govern themselves while characterizing Douglas? view of self-government as the right of a man to enslave another without interference. Thus, popular sovereignty becomes ?the right of people to govern niggers? (?House Divided? Speech, 1857; Speech at Edwardsville, IL, 1858). Liberty refers to the right of each man to do with his body and the products of his labor what he will (Lockean and Jeffersonian principles), not the right ?for some men to do as they please with other men, and the product of other men?s labor? (Address at Sanitary Fair, 1864). Lincoln reaffirms the notion of the natural rights over life, liberty, and property, and attacks the premise that men should naturally rule over other men ? equating this feudal, classical notion with Douglas and the Democrats. Slavery, for Lincoln, is an absolute wrong, not such more in the moral terms of abolitionists, but in the principles of the founders. Slavery violates the principle of civil liberty of the Declaration. Lincoln maintains that there is no moral right for one man to enslave another (Speech on Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854). The founders, and the spirit of the Declaration, abhorred slavery as an institution, but accepted in as a necessity. Lincoln attacks the view that slavery is right in principle. He contrasts, in opposition to Fitzhugh, northern laborers and slaves: northern laborers may work for wage one year, may work for themselves another, and may hire others to work for him in another. Northern laborers are free to choose their occupation, to acquire wealth, and to improve their condition. Slaves are denied this liberty. (Speech at Kalamazoo Michigan, 1856). While Lincoln denied that Negroes were equal in intellect and moral attributes to whites, he rigorously defends their equality of rights. Lincoln defends the natural right of blacks, and specifically, their right to ?life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness? as written in the Declaration (Speech on the Dred Scott Decision, 1857). ?There is no reason in the world why the Negro is not entitled to all the natural rights enumerated in the Declaration of Independence, the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness (First Lincoln Douglas Debate, 1858). Lincoln holds that slavery is not ?better than freedom? and that government was created to secure the blessing of freedom ? for all men (Speech at Edwardsville, IL, 1858). The Declaration and Constitution, while securing property rights, suppose ?superior devotion to personal rights.? Individual liberty trumps property rights ? the right of a man to be free is greater than the right of a man to hold another man as property (Letter to Henry Pierce and Others, 1859). For Lincoln, the founders held the principles of liberty and equality dear, and applied them to all men. Slavery undermines these principles, and was only tolerated for the necessity of the institution in Southern states; the founders intended for the containment, and eventual, gradual extermination of slavery. These principles of the American founding provide the ultimate example for the world of a nation built on liberty and self-government. Should the American experiment fail, the cause of freedom would suffer a great setback. Thus, from his exemplifying the ideal of the founders, Lincoln derives his approach to the slavery issue and the view of the importance of the preservation of the Union. Moderation of approach Lincoln?s approach to issues, while building on the ideological background of the founders, is strictly pragmatic. Lincoln still maintains that slavery is a necessary evil, and believes that only moderate approaches, not radical change will be effective. Slavery can only be abolished gradually, and can only be limited from expansion at present. Moderation is necessary to preserve the Union. Lincoln responds to radicals from both the South, but particularly the North (see for instance Thoreau and Emerson), that government serves the purpose both of redressing wrongs, and providing public goods. That is government serves needs that individual persons cannot provide for themselves, but not more than that; ?that if all men were just, there would still be some, though not so much, need of government? (Fragment on Government, 1854?). The rule of law is a consistent theme in Lincoln?s writings. When the law is ignored, and people lose attachment to government, civil society breaks down. Lincoln denounces mob rule and articulates the view that the ?sober judgment of courts? should govern. Bad laws do exist, and should be repealed, but until they are, they must be respected. Rule of mobs is detrimental to society and will tear apart any government (Address to Young Men?s Lyceum, 1838). His approach to slavery is constrained by law ? using ?every constitutional method? to prevent the spread of slavery. (Speech at Edwardsville, IL, 1858). Lincoln?s view on the Dred Scott decision demonstrates this view ? he claims not to resist the decision, but that the decision has not become ?settled? as precedent yet (Speech on the Dred Scott Decision, 1857). Lincoln does not hold the Dred Scott decision to be binding, or ?the word of the Lord?, but that it may yet be reversed.? His approach to the Dred Scott case is to acknowledg e it as law, but to attempt through legal means, to reverse it and reduce its applicability to other cases (First Lincoln Douglas Debate, 1858). Approach to Slavery Lincoln?s positions on the current laws and the Dred Scott ruling demonstrate his commitment to the spirit of the Founding and his moderate, pragmatic approach. Lincoln advocates neither the immediate abolition of slavery (prior to the war), nor resistance to the interpretation of the court ? but only to attempt to change the law through political solutions. Lincoln?s approach to slavery concurs with the abolitionists on some points, but with the Southern interests on others. Lincoln supports the Fugitive Slave Law and opposed abolition of slavery in Southern states (prior to the Civil War), but opposes the extension of slavery in US territories. In this approach, he acknowledges the necessity of preserving slavery: slavery has been introduced in the South, and the Southern states are dependent upon it, slavery is a necessary evil. Likewise, Lincoln points to the founders in his position: the founders acknowledged the necessity of slavery, but wished for its gradual extinction. The founders, like Lincoln, could not immediately eliminate the practice of slavery where it existed (the South) but attempted to limit it to where it currently was, banning the African Slave trade and opposing the extension to new territories. Thus, slavery was tolerated, but only in that it was necessary, and ultimately, wrong (Speech on Kansas-Nebraska Act, 185 4). Slavery is viewed by Southerners in terms of dollars and cents, the institution is justified only as what it means for their economy (Speech at Kalamazoo Michigan, 1856). Lincoln believes he cannot, under the constitution, nor should not for pragmatic reasons, interfere with slavery in Southern states (First Lincoln Douglas Debate, 1858). Lincoln?s singular tool for opposition of the extension of slavery is for Congress to prohibit slavery in all the US Territories . Thus, the territories, when applying for statehood, may choose whether to permit slavery, without being corrupted and dependent upon slavery. Likewise, in the District of Columbia, slavery should only be abolished gradually, with the majority of the residents consenting, and with compensation for owners (Second Lincoln Douglas Debate, 1858). Though the federal government has the prerogative to prevent the extension of slavery into federal territories, the institution of slavery within the states of the south remains a state issue (Address at Cooper Institute, 1860). Similarly, Lincoln does not support Negro citizenship ? i.e. allowing blacks to vote, serve on juries, etc, but merely the n atural rights (as opposed to civil rights) that the Declaration declares for all men (Fourth Lincoln Douglas Debate, 1858). Lincoln believes that abolition of slavery will occur slowly, and only at the prerogative of states. During the Civil War, Lincoln advocates for the plans to abolition slavery in the border states, but only gradually, with compensation for slave holders, and at the direction of the states (Message to Congress, 1862; Appeal for Compensated Emancipation, 1862; Annual Message to Congress, 1862). Lincoln believes the founders view has been abandoned; the founders held a principle of ?the equality of all men?, and began ?practical progress toward the equality of all men.? The view of all men as equal had been replace by the view that ?all states are equal?. (Speech at a Republican Banquet in Chicago, 1856). The alteration of laws since the founding, and particularly the Dred Scott decision, have continued to restrict the rights of blacks. Freed slaves have lost the right to vote they once had in several states, and constraints on emancipation of slave owners have made continual bondage almost unalterable. ?Our Declaration of Independence ? is assailed, and sneered at, and construed, and hawked at, and torn, till, if its framers could rise from their graves, they could not recognize it at all? (Speech on the Dred Scott Decision, 1857). Lincoln?s fear is that a ?second Dred Scott decision? will declare that slavery cannot be banned by any state. This fear is based on the nature of the Dred Scott ruling: that the right of property in a slave is affirmed in the Constitution, and that no laws may destroy the right of property in a slave. If these two premises are true, then states cannot ban slavery within their limits without violating the Constitution. However, Lincoln holds that these premises are false: that the Constitution does not affirm the right of property in a slave; as demonstrated above, Lincoln holds that the framers permitted slavery only as a necessity where it was already long-established. Lincoln?s approach to this disagreement with the court was political ? the ?second Dred Scott? decision will never occur if the Republican Party is elected, but will certainly occur if the Democrats retain power. Thus via election, the Republicans can affect the makeup of the court and maintain the vision of the foun ders (Fifth Lincoln Douglas Debate, 1858). Thus, in his approach to the Slavery issue, Lincoln reaffirms his commitment to the intent of the founders, as well as the moderation of his approach, consistent within legal bounds and pragmatic concerns. Preservation of the Union While Lincoln maintains that he has no desire to interfere with slavery in Southern states, he does mandate the use of force to preserve the Union. The Union of the United States is ?perpetual?. No government ever has in its law a means for its extermination. The Constitution serves to make a ?more perfect union?; secession of states is inconsistent with the Constitution. The minority has no right to secede from the government, or else the government serves no real purpose, and can never be maintained ? it devolves to anarchy. Lincoln maintains that the laws of the Union must be executed throughout the States, thus justifying the use of force to execute the laws (First Inaugural Address, 1861). States have status only ?in the Union?, not as separate institutions. There exists no principal by which the states may secede from the Union. States remain part of the United States, and thus it the duty of the federal government to uphold the law and ?republican form of government? within the states? (Special Message to Congress, 1861). Lincoln articulates the need for war based upon these principles of preserving the union. The importance of a perpetual, democratic nation is the crux of his justification of military action. The Civil War is to ensure ?that government of the people, by the people, and for the people shall not perish from the earth? (Gettysburg Address, 1863). ?The nation is worth fighting for, to preserve such an inestimable jewel? (Speech to 166th Ohio Regiment, 1864). Thus Lincoln reverts to the importance of the principles of liberty, equality, and self-government of the founding, and the importance of the continuation of the democratic experiment. Lincoln?s wartime approach to slavery continues his tendency toward the founding principles and toward moderation. He proposes first that slavery, as a necessary evil, be abolished only gradually (at one point stating over 37 years), with compensation, and at the direction of states (Message to Congress, 1862; Appeal for Compensated Emancipation, 1862; Annual Message to Congress, 1862). His Emancipation Proclamation abolishes slavery only in areas that are in rebellion against the Union ? thus serving military goals of winning the war more than a goal of immediate abolition. Lincoln later support a Constitutional Amendment prohibiting slavery as, in his view, the only way to ensure the continual preservation of the United States is to eliminate the cause for civil war. Thus, sudden elimination of slavery serves the pragmatic concern of preservation of the Union (Reply to Committee of National Union Convention, 1864; Proclamation Concerning Reconstruction; 1864). Like he pre-presidency stance on slavery, Lincoln?s desire to preserve the Union and his actions during the Civil War demonstrate his commitment to the founders? principles of liberty, equality, and republican government as well as his pragmatism. The Union is worth fighting for, as the principles of the founders must endure in a ?perfect.? Lincoln?s actions toward slavery reflect his belief in the validity of the Constitution and his pragmatism. Initially indicating the desire for gradual abolition of slavery in border states, and at state prerogative demonstrate his belief in the limits of the Constitution and the consistency of moderation in his proposal; mirroring the pragmatic approach of the Emancipation Proclamation. His eventual belief that slavery must be exterminated nationally only evolves from his commitment to the preservation of the union, and the pragmatic belief that the Union can only ensure its perpetuality if slavery, and the conflict surrounding it, is ended for a ll time.