Professional Social Work Practice In Crisis Centre Social Work Essay Essay Example

Proficient Social Work Practice In Crisis Center Social Work Essay Example Proficient Social Work Practice In Crisis Center Social Work Essay Proficient Social Work Practice In Crisis Center Social Work Essay This exposition identifies with a perception of expert cultural work design in an emergency Center for individuals with mental wellbeing and cultural requests who are in emergency, who need backing and short-run change with the finish of returning spot or to another condition. This paper will primarily focus on multi disciplinary coaction of Crisis Center staff and Crisis Housing Resolution Team and why it is cardinal to cultural work design ; it will show great example and show articulations for and against multidisciplinary working. Multidisciplinary working is work embraced mutually by laborers and experts from various subjects or businesss ( Pearson A ; Thomas 2010:342 ) and it has advanced at changing speeds in the course of the last 30 mature ages or so in light of jussive states of mind of cardinal specialists. Mental wellbeing was among the primary callings to follow crews of laborers from various callings. TheA people group mental wellbeing crew is broadly viewed as the hypothetical record for multi-disciplinary working. ( Community Care, 2010 ) . Partner this to cultural work the run of the mill quality is demonstrating an all encompassing assault, by working with an extent of condition of affairss, individuals and holding a property for creating multi-disciplinary and organizations, ( Higham,2006: ) degree Celsius The emergency Center is controlled by a Local Council and NHS Trust situated in a neighborhood network. Which relates with the 1975 White paper Better Services for Mentally Ill, callings cooperating to flexibly a network based assistance. ( Scie, 2010 ) The emergency Center gives beds to four adults persevering through a psychological health, cultural emergency, who have been alluded to them by the Crisis Resolution Home Treatment Team, the administration clients for case can be alluded from in their place or mishap and exigency. Next they complete an evaluation inline with nearby approval rules and processs, so deliver a consideration program and peril examination. In the event that they choose the administration client is in emergency and ca nt return place, so they contact the emergency Center for a topographic point with the finish of go forthing the Center after the emergency, for the most part inside two hebdomads. When the administration client is put, there are army technique s for contacts from the Crisis Resolution Home Treatment Team and cultural specialists through electronic sends, calls and visits. During this perception multidisciplinary working was seen between the emergency place staff and the Crisis Resolution Home Treatment Team about an assistance client as of now in the Center through a call. The emergency announcement place mediation crew appeared to be keeping the National Occupational Standards cardinal capacities development three, by back uping the individual, stand foring their requests, positions and fortunes by moving as an advocator ( Higham 2006: 98 ) as they were educating the emergency Center of what was go oning. The emergency place staff were asking requests in a way that was taking care of the administration client as a man by tuning in to their single occurrence, regarding and keeping dignity by simply asking requests applicable to the emergency habitats requests and gauges. They other than talked plainly and examined the kineticss of other help clients ( regarding secrecy ) as of now in the Center announcing any battle or constructive collaborations that had emerged since their last visit ( GSCC,2010 ) .These achievements are cardinal to cultural work design as they are esteeming the individual and holding an all encompassing assault. Moreover, in the 1990 s new work perceived that occupations can non be references by individuals and organizations working in separation. So the Department of Health 1998 presented the white paper Modernizing Social Services, which had multi-disciplinary functioning as a cardinal point. ( Wilson, et, Al, 2008:388 ) . In 2000 No mysteries effectively advanced that multidisciplinary crews, engage and advance prosperity of helpless adults, through the administrations they give and the interest to move in a way, which underpins the privileges of the individual to take to freedom. ( Department of Health 2000 ) This was watched, by the administration client, emergency Center and Crisis Resolution Home Treatment Team by means of staff pass oning frequently all through the twenty-four hours and providing a domain where administration clients can come and travel uninhibitedly, yet still hold support, during their emergency, they were other than urged to cook and clean for themselves.This was seen during the perception other than in Tony Ryan s ( 2010 ) rating of emergency Center and Crisis Resolution Home Treatment Team, asked administration clients what they esteemed best about their remain, their reactions I was on the most reduced round of the stepping stool in footings of gloom and inner self regard. Presently I can cook and press. It has reestablished my get up and travel . what's more, It is given me a feeling of life back and helped me to happen myself. I could nt hold gone on any more. Staff have instructed me to show signs of improvement and pull off my frenzy invasions. This shows or ganization working with the administration client and multidisciplinary working. The White Paper Our health, our consideration, our state other than stresses the significance of individuals holding more power over their lives and dish to responsive, preventive administrations by cooperating in multidisciplinary crews. ( Department of Health 2006 ) . The emergency Center satisfies this. All through the twenty-four hours through medicines and perception it created the impression that the emergency place staff and Crisis Resolution Home Treatment Team empowered emancipatory design by influencing the administration client in their help which shows great example other than staff were non routinized as every twenty-four hours was unique, they examined how every individual was distant from everyone else with an alone situation. On the off chance that cultural specialists become persecuted by working in modus operandis this does non ever benefit the administration client, it is non acceptable example and is non cardinal to cultural work esteems. A delineation of this was seen when an individual from the Crisis Resolution Home Treatment Team went to the emergency Center and finished an encounter with a help client. During her visit to the emergency Center she was constantly reached from her office through calls, one of which was another help client requiring to be surveyed frantically, she had effectively one visit booked in after the emergency Center, however needed to re - assess her occurrences as the new referral supposedly was to a greater degree a priority. She did this by conversing with her chief on the telephone and rhenium - masterminding another associate to see her administration client thus requested that the workplace permit the administration client think about this adjustment. The above section shows multidisciplinary working and association working with the administration clients are cardinal and coaction is required for cultural work and the perusing from the staff included exhibits great example. To demo the significance of association working with administration clients in the emergency Center Tony Ryan ( 2010 ) finished an assistance rating of the emergency Center and Crisis Resolution Home Treatment Team, they asked administration clients how they felt about staff. Administration client s reactions Any requests or anything you are annoyed with, you can travel and ask the staff and Staff are extremely strong and help screen employments out. As cultural work is tied in with working with individuals to help them to screen their employments out. Other than each single brings alone achievements and experience into the hands on proficient relationship. ( Thompson. N. A ; Thompson, S. 2008:24 ) So far this paper has exhibited positive multidisciplinary working through perception at the emergency Center. Be that as it may, in world multidisciplinary working can be negative and can be completely useless. As when a gathering of differing individuals with shifted achievements meet up into a crew, things do nt ever travel great. ( Community Care, 2010 ) Cree, 2003:163 accepts that multidisciplinary working can be sure yet close to disappointing, protecting and hard. ( Dalrymple A ; Burke 2006:139 ) Wilson et Al ( 2008 ) other than concurs multi disciplinary working accomplishes non ever work strongly and such disappointments have been archived in such assurance of Victoria Climbie question and darling, taking everything into account Thompson ( 2005 ) accepts that multidisciplinary can make more injury than great and can do condition of affairss more terrible. During the class of the twenty-four hours it was purchased to going to through a staff handover that one of the administration clients in the emergency Center had at first encountered a positive association of multidisciplinary design, yet despondently it transformed into a negative encounter. Conquesenlty, this appeared to be because of the disengagement of imparting between multidisciplinary crews, for example, his cultural laborer, Crisis Resolution Home Treatment Team, emergency focus staff and clinical staff. Fitting to Thompson ( 2009 ) without strong conveying the impression of multidisciplinary gets difficult to reach. Staff at the emergency Center trusted it was because of miss of spending plans and lack of imparting. During this handover agonizing example was seen, each piece, as a crew they talked about what, why and how things had gone inaccurately for the administration client and how they could approach the situation to secure the best outcome for the administration cli ent. The staff at the emergency Center talked about how they esteemed management gatherings as it allowed them the chance to voice any worries they had what's more gave the trough chance to cover with any orderly example that was taking the staff to go unfocussed. ( Thompson. N. A ; Thompson, S. 2008 ) . As oversight gatherings show great example and in cultural work codificati

The Relational Data Model and Relational Database Constraints

Questions: 1. For what reason are tuples in a connection not requested? 2. Why are copy tuples not permitted in a connection? 3. For what reason do we assign one of the competitor keys of a connection to be the essential key? 4. Rundown the information types that are took into account SQL attributes.5. Depict the four statements in the sentence structure of a basic SQL recovery question. Show what kind of builds can be determined in every one of the statements. Which are required and which are discretionary? Answers: 1. A connection is a sensible portrayal of the database. As indicated by the definition, the request for qualities in a connection is essential to keep up the compares between the between the qualities to particular traits. Requesting the tuples in a connection, it will require additional orders and more functionalities. As, requesting of tuple isn't fundamental and has no effect on physical capacity, it isn't kept up to spare calculation assets. (Elmasri, 2008) 2. A connection is a lot of requested tuples, by definition. Then again, as indicated by the meaning of set, it doesn't contain copy esteem. Therefore, an assortment of tuples will be called connection just when there is no copies. In this way, there is no copy tuple in a connection. Essential key is utilized in relations to keep up this property. (Elmasri, 2008) 3. Up-and-comer key can interestingly distinguish a tuple from a connection. Any up-and-comer key can do a similar errand. Then again essential key is a competitor key that is assigned as the equivalent for a connection. There are other utilization of essential key, for instance, in referencing to the outside key, ordering to help looking and so on. On the off chance that there is at least two assigned essential key, at that point referencing, ordering and so forth will be dangerous, progressively computational assets will be expended to keep up properties of essential key for both. In this way, it isn't utilized practically speaking. (Elmasri, 2008) 4. The information types accessible for SQL traits are, numeric, piece string, character string, Boolean, Date and Time. The rundown is, Information Types Numeric INT SMALLINT Buoy Genuine Twofold PRECISION DECIMAL(i,j) Bit String BIT(n) BIT VARYING(n) Character String CHAR(n) VARCHAR(n) CLOB() Boolean Date Time 5. The Four statement in punctuation of a straightforward SQL inquiry are, SELECT is a necessary statement. This is utilized for choosing the traits of a connection. FROM is a necessary statement. This is utilized for choosing the tuples of a connection. WHERE is a discretionary statement. It is utilized to recover some tuples that fulfills the condition with the WHERE statement in the SQL question. Request BY is a discretionary statement. It is utilized to arrange the outcomes from the SQL inquiry in rising or diving request. References Elmasri, R. (2008). Essentials of Database Systems (sixth ed.). Pearson.

Using the Essay Samples

Using the Essay SamplesEssay samples are used for a student to write an essay for the class. Most teachers will suggest the students to use these as they believe that it will make it easier for them to write the essays and would help in getting good grades for the students. The essays that are written by the students are used to judge the quality of the students' writing. Essay samples are considered to be one of the key methods in writing an essay that is so important in a teacher's assessment of the students' writing.Some teachers who do not want to waste their time and energy on writing assignments for their students will have the students use the essay samples to assist them with writing the essay. These essay samples will come in the form of lecture slides and transcripts. The samples are taught to the students at their first course and the students can practice on it to get a feel for what the sample looks like. After they have practiced the sample, they will go through the cou rse and start from scratch when it comes to writing their own essay. These can be used to come up with a few different topics to write about.The students will be given instructions about the type of sample, they are to use for the entire course. They are told to write the sample according to the assignment that they are given for that day. This would help the students with getting used to the assignment.While some of the essay samples will include content that is already written, other samples are pre-written, which means that they are already written. However, the essay samples will vary depending on the nature of the assignment. Students can choose what kind of essay samples they are going to use based on the assignment that they are given. It would not hurt to try out the sample first before using it for the whole semester.The essay samples will help the students in coming up with the topic that they are going to discuss. After this, they will be asked to describe their idea and their purpose in writing the essay. The purpose of the assignment will depend on what kind of essay sample the student chooses to use.Students will need to put the topic in the middle of the text and write the paper. When it comes to choosing the format for the sample, the students will have to decide on the length of the sample that they are going to use. The students will also need to decide what format they are going to use. Students will also need to decide whether or not they want to have an outline for the paper.The essay samples that are available to the students are going to differ depending on the nature of the essay that they are going to write. There are those that are more of creative essay samples while others are those that are purely factual. There are essay samples that are educational, scientific, technical, factual, and qualitative. If the students are assigned to write an essay on an interesting topic then they will need to choose one that is going to interest the m.Students will need to practice with the sample to see if they like the topic that they are going to write about. The sample that they are going to use should have the theme in the middle of the essay. Some students may prefer to write the sample based on the assignment that they are given for that day. There are many essay samples available for the students to use, however, some of the more creative ones may not be easy to come by.

Homelessness in America - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2826 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/03/26 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Homelessness Essay Did you like this example? Introduction/Background The luxury of having a place to lay ones head and being able to provide reliable shelter is something that thousands upon thousands of people across the world do not have the ability to state. What does it mean to be homeless and when did it emerge? The origin of homelessness can allegedly be traced back during Colonial America. As early as 1640, people were being labeled as English vagrants and being listed as outcast individuals with the police being after them (Homelessness, 2018). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Homelessness in America" essay for you Create order Kenneth Kusmer discusses on page 13 of his book Down and Out, on the road: The Homeless in American History how homeless individuals, vagrant persons, had become a steady sight amongst the streets of Boston and how Boston peacemakers were more often than none charged with arresting them (Kusmer, 2002). Millions of people in America are living on the streets daily, homelessness is an all- around social problem. Homelessness affects people of both genders and all ages and racial cultural individuals; nevertheless, single men, young children, veterans, teenagers and young adults living in low-income families are disproportionally represented among the homeless population. During the 1980s, homeless men, women, and children began crowding urban Americas back alleys and streets (King ct al. 1989, National Mental Health Association 1988). Current debates center around the makeup of the homeless population and its size. Government-sponsored research suggests that the homeless are made up of deinstitutionalized mental patients, drug and alcohol abusers, families with a black or Hispanic woman as head of household, and the marginally employed who have suffered a major financial setback, such as with a prolonged illness (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 1984). Increases in homelessness are due primarily to a public policy of deinstitutionalization of the mentally III, who are released into communities unprepared to provide adequate support. Conversely, Wright (1988) reports that the true rate of mental illness among the homeless is only 10-33 percent. There are many different social problems that a person will encounter the minute they are faced with homelessness. Within the upcoming paragraphs I will be discussing these three categories: Mental Illness Substance Abuse, and Un-employment. There are numerous things that can cause homelessness one of them of course being housing. There is a lack of housing that low-income people can afford. Without housing opportunities, people are faced with eviction and, unpredictability can result into one becoming homeless. Low -income families often do not earn enough money to pay for food, clothing, transportation and a place they can call their own home. By the early 1980s homelessness had emerged as a major social problem especially in many communities it has a become a huge distraction and most would even say a big problem. There are a few things a community can do to help bridge the gap with homelessness. People who are homeless in the community need someone to advocate for them by helpi ng them secure housing, health services and employment. Defining a Community Problem and Needs As the weather grows colder, we are hearing more about homelessness in our different communities. As we all know homelessness is a year- round problem that affects nearly a billion people in America. The cold weather causes a great concern for those who are homeless during this time of the year. Majority of the homeless population cant afford to stay in a shelter due to the obvious of them being un-employed and, the average cost of a shelter nowadays being $7.00 per night so they sleep on the park benches, on sidewalk streets, under the bridges of the highways. To address the homelessness, communities should take a synchronized approach, moving from a group of individual programs to community world wide -programs. The problems that the communities face with homelessness are substance abuse, unemployment/ low income, and mental illness. On an average, most households become homeless because they simply do not make enough money to pay for housing. For those who are low -income but working, incomes have been stagnant and have not kept pace with expensive housing cost. Several of those who experience homelessness are unable to work due to a disability or are not able to swiftly earn the money they need for rent. One solution for solving the income problem to keep people from becoming homeless would be for the communities to rally together to have more job training and placement programs that will be funded by the government. Also, provide the tools some people need to secure steady, long-term employment. Improving access to supportive services, such as childcare grants and transportation assistance would also go a lengthy way in helping people stay employed, attain housing stability and remain housed. Moving along, ones community would need to address is mental issues and healthcare problems that arise daily. An acute physical or behavioral health emergency or any long-term disabling condition may lead to homelessness; homelessness itself can worsen long-lasting medical conditions. A person can become homeless when his or her health condition becomes disabling and stable housing is too hard to maintain without help. Individuals with serious mental illness that goes untreated are mostly vulnerable to homelessness. Both poverty and absence of access to care contribute to inequalities in mental health. The last community problem with homelessness is substance abuse when being homeless. Substance abuse is often a cause of homelessness. Addictive disorder disrupts relationships with family and friends and often cause people to lose their jobs. For people who are already struggling to pay their bills, the onset exacerbation of an addiction may cause them to lose their housing. Homeless people with both substance disorders and mental illness experience additional obstacles to recovery, such as increased risk for violence and victimization and frequent cycling between the streets, jails, and emergency rooms (Fisher and Roget, 2009) As a community there should be treatment facilities in place to help those who are homeless get off drugs and get back to a normal way of living which means to find steady employment and steady housing. Data Collection and Analysis The National Law Center on Homelessness Poverty underwent an analysis in which The NLCPH currently estimates that each year at least 2.5 to 3.5 million Americans sleep in shelters, transitional housing, and public places not meant for human habitation. In addition to the 2.5 to 3.5 million at least an additional 7.4 million individuals resulted in housing with other individuals due to losing heir own homes and lacking the necessities to be economically successful. The statistics and data NLCPH collected has proven that the data gathered in relation to homelessness is far from exact. Part of the difficulty is that there are numerous definitions of how homelessness is now defined and or depicted. For example, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban development (HUD) narrowly defines homelessness as being largely limited to people living in shelters, in transitional housing and in public places (Nlcph, 2018). The U.S. Department of Education (DoE) defines homelessness on an even a broader perception that defines homelessness being families who are doubled-up with others due to economic necessity. Another difficulty concerns methodology (Nlcph, 2018). Methodology being a body of methods, rules, and postulates employed by a discipline (Merriam-Webster, 2018). HUD reports annual Point-in-Time counts of the unsheltered homeless population; however, the methodology used to collect those numbers varies by community and is often deeply flawed. In a USA Today article titled Homeless Problems Bigger Than Our Leaders Think reporter Maria Foscarinis states how Urban Development, says homelessness decreased by nearly 4% over the past year. But it doesnt actually measure homelessness. Instead, it looks at people who are in shelters or transitional housing and the number of people who are outside on a single night. Not included are those doubled up or couch surfing because they cant afford their own pl ace. Neither are people in hospitals, mental health or substance abuse centers, jails or prisons with nowhere to go upon release (Foscarinis, 2014). The third difficulty is, the overall population. Moving along, lets look at the data collected and analyzed regarding the homeless population as a whole. Before the 2008 recession, an estimated 2.5 to 3 million men, women, and children were experiencing homelessness each year (using the HUD definition), including a total of 1.35 million children, and over a million people working full or part-time but unable to pay for housing.4) Since then, there are 6 indications are that the crisis has deepened: 1.) The number of people who have lost their homes and are living doubled-up with family or friends due to economic necessity remained at 7.4 million people in 2012 (the last year for which data is available), consistent with 2011, but some states saw as much as an 80% increase. 2.) Over 1.2 million school children were homeless (using the DoE definition) during the 2012-2013 school year, an 8% increase over the previous school year. Sad to say, almost 2.5 million children overall were homeless in 2013, an 8% increase over 2012. 3. ) A 2014 survey in the Law Centers report, Welcome Home: The Rise of Tent Cities in the United States, showed media reports of tent cities in 46 states across the country. 4.) According to a June 2014 report by the Joint Center for Housing Studies at Harvard University, there is now a crisis in affordable rental housing. In 2012, more than one out of every four renters (27%) paid over 50% of their income in rent.10) The number of cost burdened renters has increased each year since 2007. 5.) According to the same report, racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected. In 2012, 27% of African-American households paid over 50% of their incomes in rent, along with 24% of Hispanic households and 21% of Asian households; only 14% of White households paid over 50% of their incomes in rent (Nlcph, 2018). Next, there are the demographics of the homeless population. According to data collected by HUD, over the course of 2012 the sheltered homeless population tallied to be: 63% male; 37% female 15) (data based on sheltered adults) o 83.7% non-Hispanic/non-Latino; 16.3% Hispanic/Latino 16 to 38.9% White, non-Hispanic; 9.5% White, Hispanic; 39.4% Black or African American; 5% other single race; 7.2% multiple races 17 to 22.6% under age 18; 23.5% 18 to 30; 35.0% 31 to 50; 15.6% 51-61; 3.2% 62 and older 18 63.1% single-person household19 o 38.6% disabled 20 (data based on sheltered adults) (Nlcph, 2018). Children, youth, and families were another group in which data was collected and analyzed in regards to the homeless population. In October of 2014 HUD published an annual homelessness assessment report The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development OFFICE OF COMMUNITY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT on page 22 of the publication it stated that People in families made up 37.4% of the total sheltered and unsheltered homeless population in 2012 (AHAR, 2014). The proportion of homeless people who used emergency shelters and transitional housing as part of a family increased from 30% to 35% from 2007 to 2010, with the majority of homeless families consisting of single mothers with young children. About 2.5 million children, or one in every 30, were homeless in 2013, an increase of 64% since 2007. From 2011 to 2012, the number of unaccompanied children in shelter increased by 28%. For the 2012-2013 school year, 1,258,182 students were identified as homeless, an increase of 7.6% over the pr evious year.28 Of those students identified as homeless, 75% were living doubled-up with family/friends; 16% were living in shelters; 6% were living in hotels/motels; and 3% were living in some type of unsheltered location (Nlcph, 2018). Veterans were the next group analyzed. On a single night in January 2014, veterans accounted for about 11.3% of all homeless adults. During a 12-month period from October 2011 to September 2012, homeless veterans accounted for one in 156 veterans. Domestic violence survivors were yet another group whereas data was collected and furthermore analyzed. In a 2014 survey of 25 US cities, 15% of all homeless adults were identified as survivors of domestic violence. In a national census of domestic violence services conducted in September 2013, 36,348 victims of domestic violence received housing services from domestic violence programs, which includes emergency shelters and transitional housing, in a 24-hour period (nlchp, 2015). Ethical Challenges and Dilemmas There are several ethical challenges one could face being in the human service field. Ethical issues that will affect Human Service Professionals are failure to protect your clients Privacy and Confidentiality, not being able to help your clients with their goals. If someone working as a Human Service Professional fails to keep the clients integrity, safety and security of their clients records. If one working in the human service field has sexual relationship with their client or a conflict of interest or discrimination of some kind arise. There are a few more dilemmas that can cause significant challenges when becoming homeless. Signature for consent to treatment a application to apply for Welfare, having a 24 hours homelessness requirement, the need to apply for Social Security, staff substance use/mental health issues Safe Haven Sex. Also, discharging a client when 2 agencies are involved. By using the codes of ethics in the human service field this will help one to stay focused on the problem at hand and be attentive to the clients. Ethical Principle: Human Service Professionals respect the inherent dignity and worth of the person Human Service Professionals will need treat each person in a caring and respectful manner, mindful of individual differences and social and ethnic diversity. Human Service Professional encourage clients socially responsible self-determination. Human Service Professionals seek to improve clients capacity and opportunity to change and to address their own needs. Human Service Professional act in a truthful manner. Human Service Professionals are frequently aware of the professions mission, values, ethical principles, and ethical standards and practice in a manner consistent with them. Human Service Professionals act honestly and responsibly and encourage ethical practices on the part of the establishments with which they are affiliated. Ethical guidelines are not legal documents. However, because they reflect the values of the professional associations that created them, human service pr ofessionals are expected to abide by them. Thus, when a professional violates the codes of ethics, consequences could include banishment from a professional association, revocation of a credential, or even dismissal from a job. (Neukrug, Milliken, Walden, 2001) In some instances, states have legislated that part or all of an ethics code holds legal authority. In these cases, stiffer penalties such as fines or even imprisonment could result from an ethical violation. Of course, the actual outcome depends on the seriousness of the violation. In either case, when faced with difficult ethical dilemmas, you should consider your ethical code as well as some of the models just discussed and come up with a wise decision whatever that decision is. Throughout this text, we will raise various professional and ethical issues that are related to the NOHS code of ethics. Summary /Conclusion The case study concluded with discussions on the importance of Ethics and Dilemmas of Human Service Professionals, statistics of those who are homeless and data collections. As a society what can we do to help with the problems of homelessness in the communities? The fundamental problem encountered by homeless individuals lack of a steady residence has a direct and harmful impact on health. Not only does homelessness cause health problems, it perpetuates and exacerbates health by seriously hindering efforts to treat disease and lessen disability. Although the crucial need for intensive health care and other speedy interventions is readily recognized, the committee found that the health problems of the homeless are inextricably tangled with broad social and economic problems that require multifaceted, long-term approaches for their determination. Research has shown that homelessness cannot be defined by one source. The issue contains a complex mixture of societal and individual causes. Individual causes of homelessness influence a substantial percentage of the population with conditions such as mental illness and addiction. Society has impacted homelessness with decreases in affordable housing and limited funding linked to the scope of the issue. The opinion of the public also influences the solutions developed on local and national levels. As the public opinion moves, so follows the policies and media coverage on the matter that leads to either resistance or welcoming of long-term solutions. Explanations can also be implemented from community level to worldwide scales. From implementing mandates to build affordable housing to the creation of worldwide and local organizations or communities to address the array of sources of the issue, homelessness can be decreased and even removed. One action can impact millions and originat e meaning from one act into a multitude of solutions that help our communities homeless. As the American people suffers with homelessness for the next centuries ahead it will be up to those who care to make that extra effort to make sure the homeless are not over looked and receive the social services they deserve this will have to start with our leaders and council members just because a person becomes homeless do not mean they deserve to be over looked mistreated. Becoming homeless is never anyones choice it is the fact that life sometimes happen and we as adults have trouble with dealing with life as it happens . In conclusion, Becoming a Human Service Professional will be the best thing that ever happened to me. Helping people has always been a passion of mine. There are people in the world who need good people who are willing to help them and not judge them based on their life experiences.

Julie Bettie s Women Without Class Girls, Race, And...

Julie Bettie is a well-known sociology professor at the University of California, Santa Cruz for her study of feminism, cultural politics, gender, sexuality, race, and ethnicity. In her book, Women Without Class: Girls, Race, and Identity, the author Julie Bettie gives a detailed representation of senior high school girls at a California high school. The book explains the ways in which class identity is created but also how social class alongside gender and race are crucial to ending inequality. Bettie mentions that girls are, in reality, engaged in an intricate process of identity formation that defines their choices and carves their futures, she also points to structural and past forces that form the lives of modern-day young women which include the increase of low-wage jobs, changes in family, and changing laws and bilingual education. As part of her research method for the book, Julie Bettie spent about a year observing and interviewing with more than 60 Mexican American girls an d white girls from middle-class families asking them about various subjects like school, family, friendships, college, popular culture, and their plans for their futures. She named the school â€Å"Waretown High School† in order to respect the students and people at the school. Her research revealed that class differences are part of our everyday lives however it is uncommon to talk about it openly. She talks about how class differences are one of the key sources to middle-class practices ofShow MoreRelatedCauses of Loitering Problems10544 Words   |  43 Pages565  © Sociologickà ½ à ºstav AV ÄÅ'R, v.v.i., Praha 2011 The Formation of Identity in Teenage Mall Microculture: A Case Study of Teenagers in Czech Malls* JANA SPILKOVà  and LUCIE RADOVà ** Charles University, Prague Abstract: Geographies of children and youth are a surprisingly neglected research topic in the transforming (post-communist) countries, where many societal changes are taking place. This article introduces a research project that focused on teenagers and their leisure-time activities, concentrating

Discrimination Is A Part Of Life For Many People - 1577 Words

Discrimination is a part of life for many people in minority groups. There is one minority group that extends across age, gender and race; this minority consists of people with disabilities. The minority group of people with disabilities can be entered at any age. Also, disability is one of a few minorities that can be hidden from other people. The Americans with Disabilities Act makes it illegal to discriminate against people with disabilities. However, despite this legislation, people with disabilities still face discrimination in various parts of their lives. The textbook defines discrimination as behavior directed against persons based on their membership in certain groups (Kassin, Fein, Markus 2014). People with disabilities continue to experience these behaviors across many settings. Diversity is an important part of the practice of psychology because diversity can increase understanding of multiple perspectives. 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Strategy Recommendation to the Woolworths - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About the Strategy Recommendation to the Woolworths? Answer: Introduction Woolworths Group has opted to seek opportunities in the international marketing. This is because; the domestic market is becoming saturated and the need to beat fierce competition in the region. India offers the best destination for investors because the Indian government has emphasized on the significance of investing in its domestic market (Indian Brand Equity Foundation, 2017). With globalization taking the centre stage, expanding the business operations into India is no longer optional. Woolworths Group has discovered that by invading the Indian market, it will improve its competitive edge. As explained by Peng, Wang, and Jiang (2008), the new environment will help the organization to improve its organizational culture by incorporating the new values and ideas as practiced in India. Based on the issues at hand, the article provides the strategic recommendation that the company should employ to succeed in the Indian market. Indeed, the direct foreign investment should be the best strategy to enter the market because the Indian market has promoted it. As a tradition in the international business, the investors have to comply with the established government policies, regulations, and rules. The strategic recommendation, therefore, forms the basis of this paper. Background The Woolworths Limited Woolworths Group is a publicly traded Australian company that has established extensive retail interest beyond the Australian market. Since its inception in 1924, this company has dominated the Australian and New Zealander retail industry. Hatch (2016) and NZPA (2007) reported that it is among the largest companies in New Zealand and Australia based on revenues. The company operates in the liquor retail, gaming poker machine operator and hotel retail businesses (Moore, 2006). By 2008, the Woolworths Limited was among the 20th largest retailers globally. The company has incessantly operated supermarkets, pubs, discount department stores, umbrella, and hotels. In 2016, the company had posted $1.235 billion in revenue. The company has recognized that its operations should never compromise the social welfare and the economy. To this effect, it has remained committed to serving the Australian communities responsibly. For instance, the company had donated $31.3 million worth of meals to the needy in form of relief food (Woolworths Group, 2017). Woolworths Group values its people who define its business. For example, it depends on them to operate its distribution centres, stores, and support offices so that it offers consumers exceptional services, prices, and products. To this effect, it is making the environment the best place to work. Despite its strength in the region, the need to expand into the emerging markets has become eminent. This is because; the emerging markets offer new opportunities for the organization. Although opportunities were inevitable in many countries, India provides the best destination for now. The move will see the company maximizing the opportunity available in the Indian ma rket. As reported by Daniels, Radebaugh, Sullivan, and Salwan, 2009), the Indian market offers cheap capital and labour thus becomes beneficial to the firm in increasing its profit. India The rise of India as an economic powerhouse has attracted attention of many foreign investors who are expressing their willingness to unearth the mystery. The intrigue at the centre of the attraction is the availability of consumer market. The demographics of the country are also favourable thus making the global corporations to view this destination as the best market offering the growth of the market (Bennett Joshi, 2014). It is thus evident that India is among the leading country in terms of industrial production. For instance, it boasts of being the country with the fastest growing automobile industry worldwide. This is evident its 35 percent expansion rate as reported in the first quarter of 2010 financial year. The recent findings by Bennett and Joshi (2014) showed that the countrys market growth rate is twice the global average. Indeed, the impulse food industry seems to grow faster in this country than any other country. Many companies are at their pace to expand their distribution networks to cover the retail outlets across India (Dunning, 2012). The Salted Snacks, for instance, is growing at about 30 percent relating to the modern trade format (Bennett Joshi, 2014). Woolworths Group has realized that there is need to benefit from the emerging nation whose economic growth rate is projected at 7.7% in 2017 due to the high rate of private consumption. With the Indian government favouring foreign direct investment, Woolworths Group benefit significantly. The country has also adopted favourable domestic policies that support the growth. Economic Analysis Rising disposable incomes and economic growth In the last five years, India has reported a 7.7 percent of its average annual growth rate (Bennett Joshi, 2014). The economists have projected the growth to be faster than the current state. With the current rapid growth rate, the country is enhancing business and employment opportunities thus improve the disposable incomes. Indisputably, the trickling effect of the economic growth is felt on the ground thus guaranteeing many Indians to improve economically by joining the middle class. Therefore, the middle-class forms the largest market segment in India due to improved incomes and employment rate. It is also believable that the affluent group will increase is size and value. Bennett and Joshi (2014) have reported that MGI predicted that the by 2025, the middle class population will reach 583 million thus form about 41 percent of the Indian population. The middle class, in the Indian context enjoys a disposable income of about Rs 200,000-1,000,000. Currently, 70 million of Indians are within the middle class bracket. Unfortunately, the country continues to struggle with the high poverty indices. By 2025, Bennett and Joshi (2014) projected that the countrys extreme rural poverty will reduce to 26 percent up 61 percent in 2005. By 2025, the affluent class will increase their disposable income by two percent. These indications are positive to any country or investor willing to enter the Indian market. For instance, the Woolworths Group will benefit from the households whose disposable income is high. In fact, it is projected that the national private consumption rate will increase to 20 percent by 2025. Hence, investing in Indian would be the best opportunity for it. Social Analysis Demographics Since 1970s, the Indian government had adopted an improved birth control and medical care services to reduce its birth rates. The government feared the swelling population that would become unsustainable. With improved healthcare services, the majority of the population have managed to live beyond their retirement age. This has affected many countries where the baby boomer population is threatening the future as they stare at the worst shortage of workforce. The working age is also falling slowly thus making it possible to predict the growth in the labour force. Interestingly, the country population is most youthful, with fifty percent proportion. With the increasing productive population, the personal consumption rate has increased. According to Dastoor (2008), an empowered and young population would increase consumer demand and value-conscious demand. The pro-growth demographics continue to expand the Indian consumer market. Woolworths Group stands a greater chance to benefit from the increased consumption rate in the Indian market. Indian consumer The current consumer market in India has attracted investors beyond the borders. Indeed, with globalization, many foreign investors are been drawn to the Indian market. The tectonic shifts experienced in the demand forces have become the attraction point for the investors like Woolworths Group. The market is being reshaped by the improvements experienced in the lower economic strata. Nobody can avoid the rising inspirations related to better life, increasing incomes and urbanization to be driving the consumer market. The modern Indian customers are ready to spend money on convenient and quality brand operating in an organized retail market. Aspiration for a better life Many Indians are still stuck in the lower strata and they can rarely afford quality products. With the growing demand and supply in the market, these economically deprived individuals can now improve their lifestyles because of the increasing penetration of various companies. The intense competition among the companies dealing in consumer goods has exposed the Indian rural thus improving the living standards. The likelihood of pushing the demand is high when both the rural and urban consumers join hands. Political Legal Analysis Political factors In business, the political factors are the defining factors in the market. These factors determine the decision that an organization takes before entering the new market. Czinkota, Ronkainen, Moffett, Marinova, and Marinov (2009) affirmed that political factors have disrupted the business operations. Nevertheless, the ideological factors embraced by the government define the business environment. For instance, the government sets economic policies that any investor must adopt when making any investment decision. Without a doubt, political stability is the best factor that defines the business environment. Such an environment is favourable for investment thus attracts the international companies. Countries facing conflicts and turmoil have found it impossible to attract foreign investors. The situation in India is attractive to the foreign investors because of its political stability aspects. Additionally, the government has taken the initiative to market Indian as the best investment destination in the region. The government believe that such investments expands its economy thus creates employment opportunities. The geopolitical factor has also favoured Indian because it is at peace with nearly every nation. For instance, the relationship between India and Australia is cordial thus gives an opportunity for the investors from both countries to do business. Kolk and Van Tulder (2010) maintained that investors, like Woolworths Group would find it easy to invade the Indian market. The new relationship will ensure the company establishes its business unit in the country without difficulties. Legal factors The Indian government has formulated various legislations and Acts to guide the investors in the market. With these legislations, the government has ensured it reduces any illegal business activities that can jeopardize its economy. For instance, the country embraces the FEMA (Foreign Exchange Management Act) to facilitate the foreign exchange activities (Ramola Bhasin, 2014). It has also adopted the policy on Foreign Direct Investment that has guided the foreign investors entering the country. In 2002, Indian adopted the Competition Act that saw it promote fair business environment where the businesses avoided underhand dealings. It has easily regulated the foreign trade based on its regulations and policies. The country has also established various regulatory agencies to handle the foreign investment issues. Therefore, Woolworths Limited must completely value comply with these provisions. Culture and Ethics Culture Woolworths Group must also consider the culture and ethics as embraced in the Indian market. These two factors have incessantly affected the operations of the foreign investors. According to Wild, Wild, and Han (2014), many Indian customers continue to embrace traditional lifestyle. The Australian retailer must value the Indian tradition and culture as practiced in India (Johnson, Lenartowicz, Apud, 2006). This will guarantee it successful operations because it shall have accommodated the interests of the local customers. As a multi-ethnic country, the foreign investors have found it knotty to meet their expectations. Nonetheless, an organization willing to enter this unique market must consider these unique elements. By launching products based on the market needs, the company will have the potential of succeeding. Ethics Business activities depend on the ethical principles as applied by the companies involved. In fact, in the international business, fair play is guaranteed and respected at all costs. However, each country operates on socio-cultural conditions and responsibilities. To this effect, the investors must analyse these factors before making an entry. Regarding the Indian market, the cultural issues are essential for the investors (Rugman, Collinson, 2009). Woolworths Group must consider these issues before venturing into the Indian market. For instance, the company stands to benefit upon accommodating the tastes and preferences of consumers thus get assured of customer loyalty. Woolworths Group is also known for its corporate responsibilities. It must be ready to replicate this policy in India so that it can gain the required citizenship (Audi, 2009). Competition is also an ethical issue that Woolworths Group must consider when making the decision to invade the Indian market. To this effec t, the organization should avoid engaging in an illegal or underhand dealing to gain unfair advantage in the Indian market. Therefore, the policies the policies that the firm intends to adopt should be based on ethical practices. Foreign Direct Investment Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a critical driver of the Indian economy. In fact, the Indian government view FDI as the primary non-debt financial resource that has boosted its economic growth and development (Rugman Collinson, 2009). Many foreign investors have taken advantage of the countrys tax exemptions, special investment privileges, and cheap labour to invest in India directly. With the huge FDI, the country has managed to achieve technical innovation and employment. The policy regime that the government favours has helped in the creation of a robust business environment through steady flow of foreign capital. Recently, the Indian government introduced new policies that have realized the FDI norms in many sectors of the economy, such as power exchanges, telecom, consumer goods, retailing, and stock exchange among others. Routes The Indian government has recognized two major routes that the investors have used to enter its market. For instance, through the automatic route, the foreign investors can enter the Indian market without seeking the permission of the relevant authorities including Reserve Bank of India (Ramola Bhasin, 2014). The other strategy is the government route, where an investor is compelled to seek the approval of the Indian government before entering the country. According to the Indian Reserve Bank (Ramola Bhasin, 2014), the government had established the Foreign Investment Promotion Board that has the powers to oversee the government route. Government initiatives The government of India has taken positive steps to support the FDI policy. It recognizes the significance of the policy in improving the economy. To this effect, it had opted to amend the policy to increase the inflow. For example, the government increased the upper limit of foreign investment to 49 percent, notably for insurance industry. The Make in India policy also liberalized the economy beyond the reproach (Gupta Bhaskar, 2016). With the Make India Initiative, the country reported an increased flow of FDI by 48 percent (Gupta Bhaskar, 2016). In 2014, the country was in ninth position based on the FDI inflow as reported by Gupta and Bhaskar (2016). By 2015, the country emerged the best destination for the foreign investors (Gupta Bhaskar, 2016). Conclusion Doing business in India offers numerous opportunities for many foreign companies. Without a doubt, many multinational corporations are rushing into India to expand their market share and benefit from the government incentives. Woolworths Group has an opportunity to increase its revenues by expanding into the Indian market. However, the company must understand the context and the customer behaviours in this new environment. Given that India is a multi-ethnic society, conducting proper research and development will be critical. Based on this article, it is important to note that the FDI would be the best bet for the organization. The paper has thus highlighted the most important factors that Woolworths Limited must consider before entering the Indian market. References Audi, R. (2009).Business Ethics and Ethical Business. New York: Oxford University Press. Ball, D., Geringer, M., Minor, M., McNett, J. (2012).International Business. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Bennett, I. Joshi, S.P. (2014). Indian Consumer Market. Retrieved 17 May 2017, from https://www.australianbusiness.com.au/international-trade/export-markets/india/indian-consumer-market Czinkota, M. R., Ronkainen, I., Moffett, M. H., Marinova, S., Marinov, M. (2009).International Business. New York: Wiley. Daniels, J. D., Radebaugh, L. H., Sullivan, D. P., Salwan, P. (2009).International business. Delhi: Pearson Education India. Dastoor, B. N. (2008). Customer Satisfaction Delight: The Success Mantra of the 21st Century. New Delhi: Excel Books. Dunning, J. H. (2012).International Production and the Multinational Enterprise (RLE International Business). New York, NY: Routledge. Girija, T. (2012). Marketing Strategies for Organized Retailing. HRD Times, 14(12), 17-18. Gopal, R., Pradeep, M. (2010). Retail Management: An Indian Perspective. New Delhi: Excel Books. Gupta, S. Bhaskar, A.U. (2016). Doing Business in India: Cross-Cultural Issues in managing Human Resources. Cross Cultural Strategic Management, 23(1), 184-204 Hatch, P. (2016, Mar 7). Coles Owner Wesfarmers Moves Up to Australias Top Company by Revenue, Beating Woolworths, Rio Tinto and BHP. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 16 May 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/coles-owner-wesfarmers-moves-up-to-australias-top-company-by-revenue-20160306-gnc449.html Indian Brand Equity Foundation. (2017, April). Foreign Direct Investment. IBEF. Retrieved 18 May 2017, from https://www.ibef.org/economy/foreign-direct-investment.aspx Iqbal. S. (2017). Indian Retail Sector: An Appraisal of Marketing Strategies. International Journal of Applied Research, 3(3), 95-95. Jasmeen, K. (2013). Customers Perception Towards Global Retailers Influencing the Indian Organized Retailing. The Indian Journal of Commerce, 66(3), 41-50. Johnson, J. P., Lenartowicz, T., Apud, S. (2006). Cross-cultural Competence in International Business: Toward a Definition and a Model.Journal of International Business Studies,37(4), 525-543. Kolk, A., Van Tulder, R. (2010). International Business, Corporate Social Responsibility And Sustainable Development.International business review,19(2), 119-125. Mobertz, L. (2014, Nov 19). RD Partnerships: Benefits and Considerations. LinkedIn. Retrieved 18 May 2017, from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20141119195459-128708255-r-d-partnerships-benefits-and-considerations Peng, M. W., Wang, D. Y., Jiang, Y. (2008). An institution-Based View of International Business Strategy: A Focus on Emerging Economies.Journal of international business studies,39(5), 920-936. Ramaswamy, V.S., Namkumari, S. (2002). Marketing Management: Planning, Implementation and Control. New Delhi: MacMillan India Limited. Ramola, B.G. Bhasin, R. (2014). Winning in Indias Retail: Factors for Success. PwC. Retrieved 18 May 2017, from https://list2.pwc.fr/assets/files/lettre_retail-and-consumer/pwc_winning_in_india_retail_sector_1.pdf Rugman, A. M., Collinson, S. (2009).International Business. New York: Pearson Education. Wild, J., Wild, K. L., Han, J. C. (2014).International Business. New York: Pearson Education Limited. Woolworths Group. (2017). Woolworths Limited. Retrieved 17 May 2017, from https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/ NZPA. (2007, Oct 26). Commission: Red Shed Takeover Would Create a Pure Duopoly. nzherald.co.nz. Retrieved from https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3objectid=10472143

Health Assessment free essay sample

Provide a brief overview of those areas of strength and weakness noted from Milestone #1: Health History. Pt biggest strength is that, he considers himself as an independent person like to take everything positive and have future goals about life. Main weakness includes difficulty to quit smoking. B. Client’s strengths (30 points) Expand on areas identified as strengths related to the persons overall health. Support your conclusions with data from the textbook. Pt considers himself as an independent family oriented person like to take everything positive in his life. His future goal is settle down in his home land, Vietnam. This positive attitude toward life can contribute in taking good decisions in life including stop smoking cigarettes as well as decreasing the episodes of asthma attacks. According to our text book, client ability to cope with illness and stress has a great impact on patients’ psychosocial health (Amico amp; Barbarito, 2012, pg. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Assessment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 87). C. Areas of concern (30 points) Expand on areas previously identified as abnormal and those that place the person at a health risk. Support your observations with data from the textbook. Smoking s a biggest risk factor in this case . Pt need to quit smoking in order to improve his breathing related problems . The main problem associated with smoking cessation is that ,pt consider Smoking as a norm and enjoyment. According to our text book, smoking tobacco products including cigarettes are associated with emphysema and lung cancer. Pt smoking behavior can jeopardize his health and can put him in serious health risk problems like developing lung cancer in future like his father. D. Health teaching topics (30 points) Identify health education needs. Support your statements with facts from the Health History and information from your textbook. Pt is an current every day smoker, seeking health care for difficulty breathing history of asthma, genetic predisposition increases his chances of getting lung related problems. Pt father died with lung cancer and mother diagnosed with COPD. In this case we need to provide education regarding smoking cessation and all the health risk problems associated with it. Introducing supports group and encouraging pt to attend those groups will help pt to stay goal oriented as well as staying healthy. Giving information regarding exercise that can strengthen the musculosketel system will improves pt breathing. According to our text book one of the objectives for healthy people 2020 is to reduce the asthma deaths and to reduce hospitalization for asthma. The actions include exercise, smoking cessation and support groups (Amico amp; Barbarito, 2012, Pg. 392). 2: Nursing Care Plan Next, plan your care based on your analysis of your assessment data: A. Diagnosis (30 points) Write one nursing diagnosis that reflects a priority need for this person. Remember a wellness diagnosis is a possibility. Ineffective breathing related to shortness of breath as evidenced by expiratory wheezing and smoking history B. Plan (30 points) Write one goal and one measurable expected outcome related to your nursing diagnosis. Explain why this goal and outcome is a priority. Include cultural considerations for this client. Goal –Patient will express an understanding and desire to stop smoking by the end of current shift. Measurable outcome-pt airway will remain patent as evidenced by normal respiration and increased breath sounds. Pt cultural practice considers smoking as a norm and enjoyment for life. Today pt seeking health care for shortness of breath, having enough knowledge about the risk factors associated with smoking can decrease breathing related problems as well as asthma attacks in future. C. Intervention (30 points) Write as many nursing orders or nursing interventions that you need in order to achieve the outcome. Provide the rationale for each intervention listed. Educate pt on smoking cessation-Giving information will help pt to make the right choice. Discus the importance of smoking cessation and related risk factors with pt-Smoking related health problems including lung cancers and other breathing problems will help pt to quit smoking. Provide pt with reading as well as video tapes-This will provide more information and will help pt to visualize. Introduce pt to smoking support groups-This offer more support and help pt to stay away from smoking Provide information regarding musculoskeletal exercise-This will increase the gas exchange between lungs and decrease the episodes of sob. You will not carry out your care plan so you cannot evaluate the effectiveness of your nursing interventions. Instead, comment on what you would look for in order to evaluate your effectiveness. I will be looking forward to see that, patient verbalize understanding on smoking cessation as well as stating that he will make an effort to cease smoking on release from hospital and less readmission into hospital due to difficulty breathing.

Delivering a Killer Dissertation the First Time Around

Delivering a Killer Dissertation the First Time Around Writing your masters thesis or doctoral dissertation is quite an undertaking with a long checklist of important characteristics to include to make yours a truly well done paper. In fact, there are five key areas to watch to assure your paper turns out a succinct and scholarly work:StyleFormatting and layoutQuotations, citations and referencesHeadingsGrammar, spelling, punctuation and other writing issuesNow youre stylinFirst and foremost, use what your school gives you. Most departments have some sort of general style guide, or at the very least, a checklist of points to model your dissertation after. The very thorough departments have whole dissertation handbooks, as well as sample paper templates and more. Dont just throw these at the bottom of a pile or never download them. They are quite valuable to you. Yes, it may make for a bit of laborious reading at first, but getting the margins, fonts, spacing and general style right the first is definitely worth the effort, as it will sav e you valuable time down the road.Whats more, get your own copy of the style guide your college recommends you follow for writing. A great deal of dissertations follow the APA Publication Manual (but not all do, so check in your dissertation guide/handbook to be sure). Yes, its another $20.00 you dont have to spend, but this guide is absolutely essential if youre writing a dissertation. Its a small price to pay for the peace of mind of being able to look up some questionable fact at 2 a.m. when youre revising your paper for the third time on deadline.Proper formatting and layoutNow that you have the two most empowering things to get you on your way to writing a great dissertation, its a matter of using them. Some people get caught up in the details and cant do a bit of writing until they know every little ounce of knowledge there is to know about how to write their dissertation properly. Others just jump right in and start typing, completely ignoring meaningful characteristics like margins, fonts, formatting and proper citations. To be a success the first time around, you need to land somewhere in the middle of these two extremes.That is, by all means you should open a document and make sure you have the margins, font type and font size set properly. You should know to have only one space between sentences. And you should also be sure your header or footer is properly formatted and has the required combination of words and numbers in it that your institution requires. But dont get so hung up on the details that you cant make strides in substantial writing of the document as well.Quotations, citations and referencesIncorporating the vital components for quotations and citations in your dissertations style is another key to a successful paper from the start. You must know how to properly cite an author within the text of your paper, with or without a direct quote. Also know how to format a longer quotation within the text. Dont just copy reference listings from other sources and assume they are correct in the style your paper uses. The three key references writers typically use most are a book, a journal article and a Web source. Do know how all three of these should look in your papers chosen style. The other odd exceptions you can look up when needed, but you will save yourself a world of time by committing these three types of references to memory.Heads up on correct headingsLikewise, knowing the correct way to format the levels of headings throughout the text are imperative. Most writing styles have anywhere from two to five heading levels that are typically used. Based on the style used (MLA, Chicago, APA), the heading placement differs from the center of page, left justified or at the start of an indented paragraph, and appearing in plain text, italicized, all capitalized first letters or just a capital on the first letter of the first word.Grammar, spelling, punctuation and other writing issuesNaturally, your professors expect a dis sertation that is free of grammar mistakes, loads of misspellings, misplaced or altogether missing punctuation and other marks of poor writing. In fact, some of the most commonly forgotten- but inevitably frowned upon by dissertation committees and advisors- are anthropomorphisms and personification issues.Anthropomorphisms and personification occur in writing when human qualities are given to something that is not human. For example, the sentence, The study examined five different dog breeds, is personifying an object, the study, which cannot truly examine anything. However, the researcher performing the study can. Therefore, a better and correct way to write the sentence would be, In the study, the researcher examined five different dog breeds. Another common habit of some writers is giving this same sort of human quality to an organization. For example, these sentences both present anthropomorphisms:The company mandated a 10% raise for all employees.The Department of Defense orde red an increase in troops.Correcting such personification is simple- a human element of the organization needs to be added. For instance,The leaders of the company mandated a 10% raise for all employees,Officials at the Department of Defense ordered an increase in troops.As you can see, its not rocket science to correct this often-made writing mistake, but it definitely makes for easier editing (and less criticism from ones dissertation advisor) when its handled as one does the writing, rather than having to correct multiple occurrences throughout the paper later.

A Case study on Champion electric Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Case study on Champion electric - Essay Example In addition, the management declared that it already had profitable products, as well as buffer stock. The high inventory levels accumulated pace for the piddy items that were necessary, yet the company did not have any. When a customer ordered a product that was not available, the company had to re-order it, thus wasting a lot of time for the customer. The balancing of too much inventory that may lead to high costs and few inventories that may yield to loss of sales is the main concern for this management. Nevertheless, a firm holds inventory with an aim of reducing costs and in order to improve customer service. The management of champion electric is concerned with the need of meeting customers’ demands, thus the need for high level of stocks. In this case, they will not loose out on sale due to lack of a product. In addition, bulk buying reduces cost incurred as manufacturers grant a fare price for the bulk buying, hence a company is guaranteed of making profits once it has bought goods at a fair price. However, some goods tend to be irrelevant, as they are remodeled by manufactures, thus, customers request for the latest model of a product. Moreover, Champion Electric lacks the latest products, as its records indicate almost a 100% in stock. Barb is given the task of getting rid of the less purchased products in order to create space for new products. A disadvantage arises here, in that, a cost is incurred in terms of storage, and when these products become outdated, the company loses money. Nevertheless, high levels of inventory may mean higher sale if the products’ prices rise, and also decrease the risk of fall in supply in the future. According to Hobbs Dennis (p.59), high inventory levels lead to high overhead costs, the stock requires a lot of space, which leads to overhead costs; therefore, it is important for Barb to introduce inventory management. The main fear of too high inventory is that it may yield to idle stock that is not purchased, which counts as a loss in any business, as the stock does not yield any returns. What would you suggest to Barb as steps to take in addressing the concerns of president Campos? The level of inventories is mainly affected by demand, uncertainty, and the supply chain flex ibility. Competitive advantage cannot be achieved by only high inventory levels; however, the ability to manage supply chain is necessary. Effective inventory management ensures that a company maintains an ideal level of product; as it acts as a key to attaining a competitive advantage for any business, such that, management and control of inventory may yield to customer satisfaction and profitability of a firm (Toomey, p.1). First, Barb should collect accurate data on the number of inventories available in the store, which also involves keen observation on the number of stocks leaving and entering the stores. Accurate entries on every stock receipts should also be considered; however, though inventory management may seem expensive, it assists in monitoring the flow in and out of goods. Inventory management is important to any firm, in that, it influences supply and demand of a product. In the champion electric case, some customers demand for products which the company has run out o f; however, this may

People, Organisations and Leadership Assignment

People, Organisations and Leadership - Assignment Example One of the notable companies that have embarked on undertaking strategic management is Alpha Reminiscent Cars (ARC). Based on the increased demand for old style cars as well as old out-of-manufacture saloons and sports cars, the company owners are now focused at expanding their production capacity in order to meet the demand of their customers. The company has two alternatives that it can use in order to expand its production. Firstly, the owners can double its work force in order to have 12 teams leading to production of 240 units. Secondly, the company can also use automated assembly-line approach. The key aim of this paper is to compare the two approaches and indicate the one that will increase ARC profit while at the same time making the employees happy. Additionally, the paper discusses issues that will be solved by the two approaches. To achieve its objective, the paper will base its argument on studies done by various individuals on team and automated assembly-line approaches. Literature reviews on merits and demerits of team and assembly line robotic approaches In his studies on evaluating a team-based approach, Libby (2012) contemplates that team approach is beneficial in that it will create opportunities for creativity. As the ARC aims at producing models that meet the needs of its customers, it will be essential for managers to create a culture of creativity. It is vital to note that if a larger number of people are involved in making a decision or coming up with a solution to a problem, each one of the team member will provide his or her idea. Afterwards the team members deliberate of the best idea and then develop it to quality products. ARC will thus benefit from improved models as a result of use of team approach. Additionally, Libby (2012) portrays team approach as a way of enhancing research skills of individuals of the team members. In this way, individuals are in a position to bring in board skills and contribution that will improve the quali ty of the final products. Another advantage of using team approach is that the company rate of production will increase (Robbins and Judge, 2007). In a work place, employees have different weaknesses and strengths. This implies that during the tackling of any project, team managers can delegate the workload among team members based on their skills and experience. As a result, a project can be completed in a timely manner. In the case of ARC, the use of team approach will ensure that the car models are manufactured is a faster rate without compromising their quality. Studies on qualitative methods in a team approach by Whitt and Kuh, (1991) indicates that in addition to the use of competitive salary, workers are motivated by working a team. Through expansion of its team, ARC will enhance the morale of its employees. It is essential to note that when a company arranges its workforce in the form of teams that are under skilled team managers, the employees are in a position to know each other. As a result, a good relationship is created in the work place. By sharing ideas, employees self esteem is attained thus improving their productivity leading to an increased output and sales. Fishbein and Ajzen (1975) depicts that team approach provides workers with chances of developing. It is fundamental to note that big and small companies keenly look for skills possessed by their employees during the recruitment process. In this regard, teams are formed by members with

Sample Turnaround Times for Three Histoprocessing Methods

Sample Turnaround Times for Three Histoprocessing Methods Introduction Turnaround time for any pathological laboratory is very important which depends upon the preparation and diagnosis of the histopathologic material. The rapidity advantages the clinician to treat acutely ill patients and influence the work practice of the pathologist. With the advent of modernization tissue processing is modified from the point of tissue removal to embedding for instant histopathological diagnosis by various techniques or methods. After the surgical removal, the tissue undergoes preparatory protocol for preparation of sections which usually involves impregnation with a suitable supporting medium. The stages of tissue processing include fixation, dehydration, clearing, impregnation and embedding for designated durations of time to ensure completion of the procedure. Culling 1974, Bancroft Gamble 2002 The reproducibility and relatively low expense attached to the most commonly employed method continues to recommend it as a valuable tool after nearly 100 years of existence. But with the demand of faster or early reporting, newer techniques like rapid manual and microwave processing are getting introduced. Each of them is unique with their own set of advantages and disadvantages. The conventional tissue processing is reliable and cost effective but time consumption, reagent toxicity and delay in providing diagnosis are the major disadvantages. The rapid manual tissue processing has major disadvantages like the use of noxious chemicals, greater degree of tissue distortion and shrinkage which led to exploration for new short processing schedules. The microwave tissue processing eliminates the use of noxious chemicals, causes lesser distortion of tissue and has shorter processing time but the cost involved in instrumentation is very high. (Panja et al. 2007) Microwaves were invented by Percy Spencer in 1945 which work on the principle of producing heat by oscillating or exciting polar molecules. The microwave irradiation forces dipolar molecules of proteins to rotate through 180Â ° at the rate of 2.45 billion cycles per second (Srinivasan, Sedmak Jewell 2002, Bancroft Gamble 2002). These excited molecules due to kinetics cause collision with adjacent molecules resulting in transfer of rotational energy. This friction causes production of heat within the material itself leading to accelerated diffusion of processing fluids hence faster processing is possible. The advantages associated with microwave processing led to the production of commercially available microwaves specifically designed for tissue processing, however, the cost involved in these is very high (Leong 2004, Rohr et al. 2001). Domestic microwaves are readily available, affordable and had been used for tissue processing with good results earlier by some authors. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare and analyse the efficacy of three histoprocessing methods and to determine the impact on turnaround times of tissue processing by these three methods. Materials and method In the present study, 60 specimens were selected randomly. The soft tissue specimen fixed in 10% NBF for 24h were included in the study and hard tissues like cartilage, bone and tooth were not included in the study. The gross features of the specimen were recorded and tissues were cut into three pieces of approximately same size to be processed by three methods. The sections obtained after processing were subsequently stained with HE by routine and microwave staining method. The stained slides in each group processed by three techniques were randomly numbered for a blind study and circulated among four observers referred as O1-O4. The observers graded each parameter on the format given in appendix D by following specific criteria as given in appendix C. Methodology Microwave tissue processing The microwave oven was calibrated as the microwave energy is non uniform within the chamber. Thus, hot and cold spots were detected in the chamber with the use of thermal paper sheet instead of the use of extra water load as suggested by various authors. The cold spot provided the most consistent results every time. The technique was self-standardized by trial and error method in the LG domestic Microwave (Model no. MS-285SD). The microwave was operated at the maximum output power of 40% (approximately 360 W) with rotating tray and ring removed. The cut piece from a fixed tissue sample was placed in a plastic tissue cassette and water washed in running tap water so that tissue was free of formalin. The tissue was irradiated in 200ml of 100% methanol and 200ml of 100% isopropyl alcohol for dehydration at cold spot for 2 cycles of 10 minutes each respectively in the microwave. After dehydration tissue was impregnated in 200ml of molten paraffin wax for 2 cycles at cold spot of 10 min each and was embedded in paraffin wax. Conventional Tissue Processing The cut piece from a fixed tissue sample was placed in a metal tissue cassette and water washed in running tap water so that tissue should be free of formalin. The tissue was dehydrated in 70% alcohol (one change), 90% alcohol (one change) and 100% alcohol three changes of 1 h each respectively. After dehydration tissue was cleared in two changes of xylene of 1 h each. Finally, tissue was impregnated in 2 changes of molten paraffin wax for 1 h each and was embedded. Rapid Manual Tissue Processing The cut piece from a fixed tissue sample was water washed in running tap water so that tissue should be free of formalin, after that tissue was wrapped in filter paper and dehydrated in 95% alcohol, 100% alcohol for 20 min on a stir plate. The dehydrated tissue was cleared in xylene for 20 min on a stir plate 20 min on a stir plate. Tissue was impregnated in 2 changes of molten paraffin wax of 1h each and was then embedded. The microwave processed tissue were stained as given in table no. ____. Conventional and rapid manual processed tissues were stained as given in table no.___________. Statistical Analysis The values obtained from different observers after assessment of sections processed by the three techniques were subjected to statistical analysis by Kruskal Wallis Test. One way ANOVA (Analysis of variance) was used for comparing mean shrinkage in tissues processed by the three histoprocessing methods. The P value Results All observers were assumed to be reliable as the Cronbach’s reliability test was statistically significant. Complete concordance was found amongst all pathologists in most of the cases. Hence, observer 1 was randomly selected for further analysis. The histopathological evaluation of the epithelium, fibrous tissues and glandular tissue revealed that the nuclear cytoplasmic contrast was good and cellular outline was distinct in tissues processed by microwave assisted technique followed by conventional processing and rapid manual processing techniques. The stroma was good with distinct cellular outline. The secretory products can be easily appreciated and the RBCs, inflammatory cells were intact. The results were statistically non-significant as observed by Kruskal Wallis test. The colour intensity of the tissues graded by four observers revealed that the microwave sections were crisper and there was a good contrast between the hematoxyphilic and eosinophillic areas. Though some slides were not visualised up to the mark, all the three histoprocessing methods were comparable to each other. One way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant value on comparison of the tissue shrinkage processed by the three techniques. The dimensions of the tissues were recorded before dehydration and paraffin embedding. The mean percentage of shrinkage in rapid manual technique was significantly higher as compared to the other two techniques whereas statistically non-significant value was obtained on comparing conventional and microwave method of tissue processing. Discussion Microwaves are electromagnetic waves(Microwave Processing Techniques for Microscopy) which causes oscillation and excitation of polar molecules which are usually dipolar molecules of proteins in tissues. The excited molecules cause collision with adjacent molecules due to kinetics producing friction and causes production of heat within the material itself. The heat produced enhances the rate of diffusion of fluids to permeate into the tissues. The rise in temperature decreases the viscosity of processing fluids that facilitates diffusion. Therefore it is theoretically possible to fasten the tissue fixation and processing. This has resulted in a substantial reduction in the basic steps of histoprocessing, thereby reducing turnaround time and providing same day diagnosis. The applications of microwaves are extensive which includes tissue fixation, stabilization of large specimens, tissue processing for light and electron microscopy, histochemical and immunohistochemical staining. Microwave tissue processing technique was introduced by Boon and Kok in 1985 (Leong 2004) but the potential application of microwave energy was first recognized by Mayers in 1970 who successfully fixed tissue with a microwave generator (Kok, Visser Boon 1988). Boon et al. (1986) reported that it was possible to produce significant acceleration of tissue processing by using microwave radiation. Visinoni et al. (1998) first described the tissue processor that completed the processing in 30-120 min, thus reducing the processing time from 24 h to just 1-2 h providing early reporting and easy patient management. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the cytoplasmic and nuclear details as well as staining characteristics of tissue sections processed by conventional, rapid manual and microwave techniques. The noxious chemicals used in conventional tissue processing were replaced in microwave tissue processing. In the microwave processing in contrast to conventional tissue processing, isopropyl alcohol was replaced by methanol as dehydrating agent and xylene by isopropyl alcohol as intermediate agent. Molten paraffin wax remained the impregnating and embedding medium for both the techniques. The reagent selection was in consonance with Babu, Malathi and Mangesh (2011) who also used methanol, isopropyl alcohol and molten paraffin wax for microwave tissue processing. Microwave radiation produced when enter the chamber it is reflected by the chamber walls until these gets absorbed by the material placed inside the chamber (Wong 2011). However, the spreading is not even throughout the chamber leading to formation of hot and cold spot zones. (Kok, Boon Smid 1993, Thostenson Chow 1999, Rutgers 2013). Hence, hot cold spots should be detected to achieve consistent results. Various authors have described methods for detection of hot and cold spots. Microwave processing was self-standardized by trial and error method in which the hot and cold spots were detected by using a damp thermal paper Kok, Boon and Smid (1993). All the procedures in the microwave were carried out in the cold spot zones as suggested by Sharp and Paperiello (1971), Benard (1974), Rangell and Keller (2000) in their respective studies. Microwavable plastic tissue cassettes were used for microwave tissue processing which are cheap and reusable as metallic utensils are contraindicated in the microwave because the electric fields of the waves produced by microwave magnetron are completely reflected at the same frequency by metals which can lead to sparking. (Vollmer 2004). In the present study, the staining protocol for microwave was followed as given by Babu, Malathi and Mangesh (2011) which included the stains used to be accelerated in the microwave. Kayser and Bubenzer (1990) used domestic microwave oven for acceleration of the various stains which also included HE stain. Valle (1986), Moorlag, Boon and Kok (1987) and Mathai et al. (2008) modified various special stain protocols for microwave and concluded that microwave did not produce any deleterious effects on staining. In our study, the three pieces of tissue processed by three techniques sectioned by a soft tissue microtome and stained as per their respective protocols were evaluated. We adopted the criterion for evaluation of tissue sections given by Kango and Deshmukh (2011). The overall quality of the tissue sections processed by microwave and manual methods was comparable. The microwave processed sections had same or similar cytoplasmic and nuclear details with good erythrocyte integrity and lymphocytic appearance than the manual methods. Similar results are given by Mathai et al. (2008), Morales et al. (2002), Bhuvanamha et al. (2013), Panja et al. (2007), Boon et al. (1986), Kok et al. (1988). We also observed that the stroma in some cases was slightly more condensed focally in microwave processed tissue sections which is similar to the findings reported by Boon, Kok and Ouwerkerk-Noordam (1986) This lead to the erroneous categorization of these cases as indistinct in studies by Kango and Deshmukh (2011). Since our criterion was adopted from the above mentioned study we also placed focal condensation of stroma as indistinct. In contrast Kok, Visser and Boon (1988) refuted the importance of focal condensation of stroma in diagnostic pathology. The colour intensity of the tissues graded by four observers revealed that the microwave sections were crisper and there was a good contrast between the hematoxyphilic and eosinophillic areas. The microwave processed tissues showed an increased reaction to HE. The sections stained were slightly more eosinophilic as compared to the manual techniques. Similar findings are reported by Hopwood et al. (1984), Boon et al. (1986), Chaudhari, Chattopadhyay and Dutta (2000), Leong and Price (2004), Panja et al. (2007), Mathai et al. (2008), Babu, Malathi and Mangesh (2011). Hopwood et al. (1984) suggested that this eosinophilia could be easily corrected by altering the stain composition or staining time in eosin. In contrast Leong Price (2004) observed that eosinophilia of the cytoplasm was advantageous as it produced good nuclear cytoplasmic contrast and enhancement of the cellular features. The dysplastic features i.e. hyperchromatism, pleomorphism of tumor cells and mitotic figures were easily appreciable in the microwave processed tissue sections of malignancy. There was also an easy appreciation of the giant cells in the tissues of Central Giant cell Granuloma and tubercular lymphadenitis processed by microwave processing technique. Rapid processing of histopathologic material is becoming increasingly desirable for intraoperative consultations and timely diagnosis. We found positive impact on turnaround time in microwave method as the time taken for block preparation from fixed tissue was 1h as compared to conventional method (9h) and rapid manual method (3h). In some cases, proper diagnosis could not be reached as the size of the tissue was small and the sample was not representative of the site. Similar difficulties were also encountered by Suri et al. (2006), Kango and Deshmukh (2011) in their respective studies. As assessed in our study, the effects of the three methods of histoprocessing on cytoplasmic and nuclear details of epithelial, fibrous and glandular tissue showed no statistically significant variation. The microwave technique was comparable or slightly better than the manual methods. Conclusion The applications and versatility of microwave processing methods are unattainable with conventional procedures. The method reported herein reproducibly yields similar histologic quality to that provided by conventional processing. It has many advantages including feasibility, safety and elimination of noxious chemicals that might be used for improvement in the practice of the histopathology laboratory, permitting the preparation of diagnostic material within a day. Domestic microwaves are easily available and cost effective but have certain notable disadvantages like uneven heating and inability to record and maintain temperature within the chamber. Further exploration in the field is required for development of cost effective microwave histoprocessors for histopathology which provide similar histologic material for rapid diagnosis and reporting. References